Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Effectiveness of Dietary Pediococcus on Growth and Some Vital Biochemical Parameters in Calves22223119712810.21608/zvjz.2021.80187.1140ENMohamedEl-DiastyAnimal Health Research Institute ; AHRI, Mansoura Governorate Laboratory, EgyptShimaaZayedAnimal Health Research Institute ; AHRI, Mansoura Governorate Laboratory, EgyptMohamedOudaAnimal Health Research Institute ; AHRI, Mansoura Governorate Laboratory, EgyptAbdElazimYounesAnimal Health Research Institute ; AHRI, Mansoura Governorate Laboratory, EgyptEl-SayedGabrPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20210618The oral use of Pediococcus (23×10<sup>6</sup> CFU/calf/day) in drinking milk once a day for one month from January till February 2020 in Holstein's calves, induced a highly significant effect on metabolic hormones, protein electrophoresis and bodyweight. Moreover, it improved the future reproductive performance of the female calves. Albumin and Gamma globulin percentages showed a significant increase in Pediococcus treated group compared to the control one. Also, there was a significant increment in insemination body weight and milk production in the treated female group compared to the control groups. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), and alpha globulin % in groups treated by Pediococcus. Besides, there was a significant decrease in insemination age and service conception in the treated female group compared to the control female groups. Moreover, there were non-significant changes in beta globulin % in the same groups compared to the control groups. Our results concluded that the use of Pediococcus (23×10<sup>6</sup> CFU/calf/day) orally in drinking milk once daily for one monthhas highly significant effects on metabolic hormones, protein electrophoresis, body weight gain in calves; moreover, it improves the future productive and reproductive performance of the female calves.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Crop Morpho-Histological Peculiarities in Domesticated Pigeons (Columba livia domestica), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) and Domesticated Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)23224818689910.21608/zvjz.2021.79041.1146ENAsmaaMohammedHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptAhmedAbuel-AttaHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptWaelGhonimiHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptNesmaEl-naseeryHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210624The crop architecture varies among different avian species consistent with their feeding habits. Therefore, twenty-one of mature healthy male pigeons (granivorous), cattle egrets (carnivorous), and ducks (omnivorous), seven per species, were utilized for the histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Histologically, the mucosal folds were covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the three investigated species. The mucosal glands are only peculiar to the crops of the cattle egrets as well as the ducks, while the pigeons' crops were devoid of any secretory units. Morphometrically, the optical densities of the Alcian blue (AB) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reactions in the secretory glands, the area % of collagen fibers, the thickness of the tunica musculosa were measured and declared significant differences among the three studied avian species. Immunohistochemical reaction revealed ki-67 immuno-positive reactivity in the nuclei of basal cell layers of the crop epithelium in pigeons only. Regarding ultrastructure investigation, the covering epithelium of all studied species had been shown to be the basal layer of cuboidal to tall columnar cells with desmosomal junctions at the level of their cellular interdigitation, intermediate layers of large irregular polygonal cells with obviously increased cytokeratin filaments especially in the ducks and cellular interdigitation in between. The superficial layer of flat-shaped cells in the three investigated species manifested by desmosomal junctions in between but at the level of the surface squamous cells of the superficial layer, a fine lateral process is only inspected in the pigeons. In conclusion, the crop glands characterized by supranuclear electron dense secretory granules in the cattle egrets and electron-lucent in ducks.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901The Effects of L-Carnitine and Garlic Oil on Hypercholesterolemia in Albino Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet24926919713810.21608/zvjz.2021.81172.1143ENAhmed MElsherbinyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptMedhat MFawzyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210626This study was performed to examine the progress of hypercholesterolemia as a result of an elevated cholesterol diet and to estimate the impact of L-carnitine and garlic oil on serum lipid profiles, serum free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, serum insulin, serum insulin resistance, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and liver homogenates for glutathione and liver lipid percentages. Two hundred eighty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups as follows: control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group received 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g cholesterol /Kg of paddy feed for 8 weeks , protective group (fed HCD either with L-carnitine at a dose of 200 mg/kg. BW per diem or garlic oil at a dose of 28 mg/kg. BW. per diem for 8 weeks), and treated group was fed on HCD for 4 weeks, then after that treated by L-carnitine or garlic oil for another 4 weeks. In protective groups (L-carnitine and garlic oil supplementations with HCD)> the obtained results revealed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), FFAs, MDA, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance. Also, revealed a significant decrease in liver lipid percent and oxidized glutathione and significantly increase in serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), liver total glutathione and reduced glutathione. In treated groups, our results affirmed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, HDL-C, FFAs, MDA, liver lipid percent and oxidized glutathione and significantly increase in liver reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, our results showed a significant increase of serum LDL-C, VLDL-C, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance. Based on the results of experiments, it is cleared that garlic oil is more effective than L-carnitine..Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901The influence of Ginkgo Biloba on hepatic gene expression of (PGC1-α, PPAR-α and GLUT-2), liver, kidney functions, hematological and lipid profile in type I diabetic rats27028219713910.21608/zvjz.2021.86000.1149ENAshrafAwadAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptEmanEl ArabyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptRanaAlbaiomyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20210713<em>Gink</em><em>g</em><em>o biloba </em>is <em> </em>one of a well-known medicinal plant worldwide, where is prescribed in working on various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus type I and II, peripheral vascular abnormalities, and neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's disease . The purpose of this study was to know how oral <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> administration affected the liver, kidneys, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatic gene expression in type I diabetic rats. Seventy-five male adult Sprague Dawely rats were allocated into five equal groups 15 rats each, 1<sup>st</sup> group; control group, 2<sup>nd</sup> group; diabetic group, 3<sup>rd</sup> group; <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> group, 4<sup>th</sup> group; Diabetic treated group received single oral dose of<em> Ginkgo biloba </em>after diabetic induction as a treatment and 5<sup>th</sup> group; rats were administered daily single oral dose of <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> as a protective dose from the 1<sup>st</sup> day of the study prior to diabetes induction and continued after the diabetes induction till the end of the work. The results of study revealed that <em>Ginkgo biloba </em>actions in modulating of hepatic key genes <em>GLUT-2 </em><strong>(</strong>glucose transporter-2)<em>, PPAR-α </em><strong>(</strong>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha),and <em>PGC1-α</em> <strong>(</strong>The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1).Also, <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> possesses antihyperlipidemic activities, supports liver and kidney functions and improves glucose metabolism, storage and utilization in liver by enhancing its key genes. based on the outcomes of current study <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> is an effective food supplement or a supportive treatment for type I diabetes mellitus..Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Virulence Determinants of Aeromonas Species Implicated in Fish Diseases and Control of Infection: An overview28329919715610.21608/zvjz.2021.85132.1148ENMayadaYassenVeterinarian, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, EgyptEl-SayedEL-NaenaeeyMicrobiology Department , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, EgyptAshrafOmarMicrobiology Department , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, EgyptYasmineTartorMicrobiology Department , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Egypt0000-0003-1246-6548Journal Article20210723Aeromonads are halophilic, non-spore forming, Gram-negative rods which are ubiquitous in aquaculture and foodstuffs.Members of genus Aeromonas are abundant water inhabitant bacteria that were recovered from lakes, rivers, swamps, chlorinated water as well as food stuff as fish, meat, seafood, vegetables, and processed foods. <em>Aeromonas</em> species are opportunistic pathogens that affect many aquatic animals and human. These pathogens cause septicaemia, ulcerative and haemorrhagic diseases, and mortality in different fish species. They possess large number of virulence factors in addition to inherent resistance to various antimicrobials and ability to form biofilms with the help of quorum sensing. This review focuses on the pathogenic potentials of <em>Aeromonas</em> species which regarded as multifactorial and dependent on the presence of different virulence factors that enable bacteria to colonize, invade, and defeat the host’s immune defences. This review also provides an update on the taxonomy, ecology, and control of Aeromonas infection in fishes.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Effect of Curcumin and Ginger on Adverse Effects of Levofloxacin in Male Rats30031519715710.21608/zvjz.2021.86165.1150ENHosnyIbrahimPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptShimaa IShalabyPhysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptEsraaMaghawry Abd-Allah El-GazzarPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20210801Fluoroquinolones are more likely than any other antibacterial drug classes to cause serious side effects. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effects of vitamin E, curcumin, and ginger in male rats against the side effects of levofloxacin (LFX).Ninety male Wistar rats were placed into six groups, each of 15 animals. Groups 1 and 2 received distilled water or olive oil and kept as normal controls, while groups 3-6 received LFX [10 mg/kg body weight (BW)] alone or in combination with vitamin E (100 mg/kg BW.), curcumin (200 mg/kg BW.) or ginger (200 mg/kg BW.), respectively. All medications were administered orally via gavage once a day for 5 successive days. Samples of blood were collected at zero day , 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> day post-treatments for biochemical analysis, while liver and kidney tissues were dissected and subjected to antioxidants estimation. Levofloxacin administration caused hepatic and renal damage evidenced by significant increase in serum liver enzymes, urea (76.43±3.70, 72.67±0.47, 75.00±6.42), creatinine (2.48±0.01, 2.48±0.01, 2.50±0.01), total cholesterol (166.67±6.81, 174.00±4.04, 176.00±2.88), triglycerides (269.67±5.84, 289.33± 4.91, 249.67±1.86), and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL- C) (243.00±7.09, 213.67± 5.03, 226.33±5.45) levels. Meanwhile, significant decline in serum levels of high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL- C) (20.00±1.11, 23.33±3.38, 20.10±1.53), total protein (5.77±0.03, 5.97±0.09, 5.87±0.09), albumin (3.45±0.03, 3.60±0.06, 3.57±0.09)and A/G ratio (1.49±0.02, 1.51±0.05, 1.55±0.09) were determined in relation to normal control at zero, 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> day post-treatments, respectively in a time dependent manner. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the liver (1.50±0.13, 1.67±0.18, 1.60±0.15; 2.02±0.38, 2.81±0.25, 3.30±0.37) and kidney (24.97±1.04, 21.33±1.33, 26.33±1.71; 3.15±0.14, 2.13±0.36, 2.44±0.28)tissues were significantly decreased in all levofloxacin- exposed rats compared to control values in the liver (3.00±0.11, 3.33±3.13, 3.33±0.16 for SOD; 19.76±0.03, 19.18±0.05, 18.42±0.13 for GPx) and kidney (71.33 ± 2.60, 67.67±0.88, 66.00±1.73 for SOD; 8.32±0.08, 8.30±0.04, 7.81±0.06 for GPx). However, the hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (74.51±0.69, 80.97±0.41, 95.88±0.52; 66.58±0.14, 65.09±0.12, 65.23±0.14) were significantly increased compared to the control (11.82±0.01, 11.82±0.001, 11.11±0.03; 30.88±0.03, 33.20±0.03, 32.83±0.04). Co-administration of LFX with vitamin E, curcumin or ginger attenuated the elevated liver enzymes, renal damage biomarkers, lipogram and hepato-renal MDA, with elevation of tissues antioxidants. From this study, biochemical results indicated that levofloxacin induced hepato-renal alterations in rats over time, and that curcumin or ginger medications may be more effective when used prophylactically rather than curatively.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901A review on Infectious Coryza in Chickens: Emergence, Diagnostic Tools, Prophylaxis and Therapy31633119715910.21608/zvjz.2021.86211.1151ENEl-SayedEl-NaenaeeyMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptNorhanAbd El-AzizMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptMahmoudAsaadResearch and development specialist at MEVAC for vaccines, New Salheya
Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20210724Haemophilus paragallinarum (H. paragallinarum) or Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum) is a Gram-negative bacterium causing infectious coryza (IC) in chickens. Infectious coryza is an acute upper respiratory infection that causes significant economic and productivity losses worldwide. Despite the use of prophylactic measures and treatment, the infection persists due to antibiotic resistance and a superior advantage in its outer protective antigen, resulting in a complicated disease pattern. Definitive diagnosis of the disease is hindered due to major challenges that are related to the complicated bacteriological isolation of the bacterium, which could be isolated only during the acute stage of infection, in addition to the fastidious and slow growth pattern of the organism. Egypt, as a key supporter of the chicken sector, is constantly threatened by this insidious infection, necessitating the development of new technology to combat it. The significance of A. paragallinarum infection, the prevalence of serotypes, clinical signs, characterization, diagnostic tools, prophylactic approaches, and therapies are discussed in this review. This article aims to provide more knowledge about the disease organism, newer diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for efficient containment of the organism therefore reducing the disease's negative economic impact.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Impact of Replacement Maize with Graded Levels of Indomie Waste Meal on Performance, Carcass Traits, Cost and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens33234420181610.21608/zvjz.2021.91309.1153ENAyaMohamedNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptMohamedBadawiNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptRaniaMahmoudNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptMahmoudEl-GamalNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210823A six week feeding study was carried out to assess the effects of graded levels of indomie waste meal (IWM) as a substitute for maize in the diet of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass traits, cost efficiency, digestive enzymes activities, and serum biochemical parameters. One hundred and twenty male one day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used. The birds were weighted and assigned to equal six treatment groups as following: T1 (0% IWM), T2 (20% IWM), T3 (40% IWM), T4 (60% IWM), T5 (80% IWM), and T6 (100% IWM) in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had five replicates and each replicate contains four chicks. The Results of growth performance showed that the body weight gain was significantly highest (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in birds fed 60% IWM (2663 g / bird). The feed intake decreased gradually as IWM increased in the diet. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lowest (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in birds fed 60% IWM (1.65). It was revealed that the relative weight of gizzard, liver, intestine, and abdominal fat were significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) affected by the dietary inclusion of IWM. The highest recorded value of abdominal fat percent was (3.36) in group fed 100% IWM. The lowest recorded value of liver % was (1.91) in group fed 60% IWM. Cost and return analysis revealed that the feed cost decreased because IWM increased in the diet. Total return and net profit were significantly highest in birds fed 60% IWM. Also there was an improvement in the pancreatic digestive enzymes activities with dietary inclusion of IWM. There were significant increase in amylase and lipase activities while significant decrease in protease activity. There was a significant increase in the total cholesterol as dietary IWM increased. Based on the study's findings, indomie waste meal was recommended to substitute maize up to 60% level in the broiler chickens diet.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Effects of Calcium Nanoparticles on Male Rat Fertility and Sperm Function34535720181710.21608/zvjz.2021.73013.1138ENMohamedHamadaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptShimaaShalbyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptHiaamMohammedDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptWaleedAhmedDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptJournal Article20210908Calcium is an essential regulating factor in a variety of biological functions including reproduction. It is widely required for different physiological activities in spermatozoa including spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome response, and fertilization. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have broadened its potential applications in biomedicine, including improving animal reproductive aspects. Our research was planned fundamentally to examine the influence of calcium deficiency and calcium administration using Nano and commercial calcium in two doses for each type of calcium (1000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) and 500 mg/Kg BW once daily for 64 days orally) to reveal their effects on male reproductive function as well as regulatory mechanisms connected to male fertility. Semen examination, biochemical analyses, enzymatic antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, and testis histopathology were all evaluated after 64 days. Our results revealed that Serum calcium, testosterone, and ABP levels, sperm count, motility, and percentage of intact acrosomes, as well as testicular antioxidant enzymes, were all considerably lower in the calcium-free diet group, whereas sperm abnormalities and testicular Malondialdehyde were significantly higher. In calcium (Nano and commercial) administered male rats, serum calcium, testosterone, and ABP levels, sperm count, motility, percentage of intact acrosomes, and testicular antioxidant enzymes all increased significantly, whereas sperm abnormalities and testicular Malondialdehyde dropped dramatically. Overall, these results point to a strong link between Ca<sup>2+</sup>, sperm function, and fertility outcomes. what's more, Ca<sup>2+</sup> supplementation, particularly nanoparticles could efficiently improve male reproductive function and fertility.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849320210901Field Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Bacterin Use in Dairy Farms35837320181910.21608/zvjz.2021.92328.1154ENMohamedEl-DiastyAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura) P.O. Box 35511-MansouraRamyGhobrialAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura) P.O. Box 35511-MansouraShimaaZayedAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura) P.O. Box 35511-MansouraMohamedElkadyAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura) P.O. Box 35511-MansouraAymanEbrahimAgricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute- Mansoura provincial Lab (AHRI-Mansoura) P.O. Box 35511-MansouraMohamadEisaDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptMohamedEl-BeskawyDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University P.O. Box 51744-MatrouhJournal Article20210901A total of 420 lactating Holstein cows in three dairy farms in Damietta (farm A, 120 lactating cows and farm C, 160 lactating cows) and El-Sharkia (farm B, 140 lactating cows) Governorates; were examined for the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis among the resident cows, then were vaccinated by <em>Staph. aureus </em>bacterin and then were observed during the period from May 2015 to December 2017 for evaluating the efficacy of the vaccine in reducing the number of infected animals and preventing new infections. Clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis were respectively reported in 286 (17.54%) and 726 (44.53%) out of the total examined quarters (n=1630) from 420 animals in 3 farms. Before vaccination, the overall prevalence rate of <em>Staph. aureus</em> was (19.5% versus 46.5%) in mastitic quarters and (32.1% versus 44.6%)in subclinical mastitis. Vaccination of cows with 5 ml of <em>Staph. aureus</em> bacterin 2 doses with 14-day interval decrease the severity of mastitis in the new cases of clinical mastitis and reduce the prevalence of <em>Staph. aureus </em>and coagulase-negative staphylococcal mastitis, improved clearance rates of existing <em>Staph. aureus</em> mastitis, but it has little effect on reducing new mastitic cases<strong>. </strong>However, it was found to be effective in preventing new infections with <em>Staph. aureus </em>and coagulase-negative staphylococci in dairy heifers, and minimizing somatic cell count, and increasing milk yield. Also, the total bacterial count, total Staphylococcal count, and<em> Staph. aureus</em> count was reduced. Vaccine efficacy was stretched to fat, protein percent and milk yield were elevated.