Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Microbiological Status of Rehydrated Infant Formula Milk Powder Versus Expressed Breast Milk for Neonates192843610.21608/zvjz.2015.28436ENAsmaa B.M.B.TahounFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig Univeristy, 44511,
EgyptEman NAbdelfatahFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307Breast milk is considered the best food for infants, however in some cases the infant must stay away from his mother and must be supplied with milk by other means. In this case we have the choice between expressed breast milk and rehydrated infant formula and so, we applied this work to assess the microbiological status of both. The findings achieved in our study revealed that 27 (54%) out of the examined rehydrated infant formula milk samples were contaminated with different microbes with a mean count of 6.8×10<sup>3</sup>± 2×10<sup>2 </sup>CFU/ml. In case of expressed breast milk samples, 78% were contaminated with an average count of 3.3×10<sup>5</sup> CFU/ml. <em>Stapylococcus epidermidis</em> was the most prevalent micro-organism in both types of milk as it was present in 10% and 30% in infant formula and breast milk samples, respectively. Other microbes, including <em>Staphylococci</em>, <em>Enterobactericeae</em>, <em>Enterococci</em>, yeast and moulds were also detected with variable percentages. Although the higher contamination rate of expressed breast milk compared to the rehydrated infant formula, breast milk remains the best choice for feeding babies. Such finding is attributed to the immune protection normally provided through feeding on breast milk. However, strickt hygienic measures during collection of breast milk should be followed to ensure minimal contamination.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28436_38f4b48d35831a4f4b522212b308cf57.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Effect of Cage Floor Type on Behaviour, Performance and Carcass Traits of Growing Rabbits10192843710.21608/zvjz.2015.28437ENHeba S.A.GharibVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptNawar A.KhattabVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohamed Y.I.YoussefVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAl Sadik K. Y.SaleemVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHesham H.MohammedVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cage floor type on different behavioural patterns, productive performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits. Twenty seven non sexed weanling growing New Zealand rabbits (4-5weeks of age) were used in this experiment. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of 9 rabbits according to the kind of cage floor. The first group was reared on wire mesh cage floor. While, the second group was reared on plastic hollow mat and the third one was on rubber hollow mat. A focal sample technique was used for recording the behavioural patterns throughout the experimental period (6 weeks). Rabbits were individually weighed at the commencement of the experiment and at weekly intervals along the experimental period. The feed consumption throughout the experiment was recorded weekly. The results revealed that the cage floor type had an effect on the drinking, aggression and abnormal behaviour time, but did not influence any other behaviours (feeding, ceacotrophy, comfort, social, resting and locomotion). The kind of cage floor had no impact on feed consumption, body weight, relative growth rate and carcass traits. While body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were significantly better in the group reared on plastic cage floor (26.46±1.45g/day, 3.78±0.22 and 0.277±0.004, respectively). Cortisol level was significantly higher in wire caged rabbits than those reared on rubber and plastic cage floor (0.65±0.72 µg/dl vs 0.45±0.38 µg/dl and 0.37±0.12 µg/dl, respectively). It could be concluded that the application of rubber or plastic mat on the floor of wire cage reduced the aggressive and abnormal behaviour with lower cortisol level and improved growing rabbit productivity and potentially welfare.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28437_e5eabcc309723b5473258e086828792b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201MicroRNA-146a and Metabolic Disorder20272843810.21608/zvjz.2015.28438ENAmany I.AhmedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptKhalifa E.AhmedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohamed M.A.HusseinBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHaytham A.AliBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307MicroRNA-146a is one of the inflammation related microRNAs that constitutes an imperative part in the immune system. The present study was designed to evaluate whether microRNA-146a and its effect on the expression of target proteins (TRAF6 and IRAK1) are involved in metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes. In the current study, we investigated the expression levels of microRNA-146a in kidneys of twenty diabetic rats. The results showed a four-fold increase in microRNA-146a level in the kidneys of diabetic rats which was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of IRAK1with no changes in TRAF6 expression levels. On the contrary, significant increase in NF-ᴋB, TNFα, and IL6 and IL1β concentrations in kidney tissues of diabetic rats was observed. In conclusion, MicroRNA-146a can be used as a marker in case of diabetes.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28438_7c04886ca3900c7b521b179a1ab2d346.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Residues of Ciprofloxacin in Rabbit Tissues by HPLC28362843910.21608/zvjz.2015.28439ENMaha SAbdel-HafeezChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAhmed A.SaidPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSameh M.El-NabtityPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptElham A.MobarezChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190307The current study aimed to determine residues of ciprofloxacin in different rabbit tissues (liver, muscles, kidneys, spleen, heart and lungs) and sera following administration of multiple oral doses. Twenty five rabbits were given the drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW for five successive days and then samples were collected at 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st </sup>day after last oral dose. The results indicated a widespread distribution of ciprofloxacin in the tested tissues except in the heart. The drug remained within the detectable limit till the 3<sup>rd</sup> day in most tested tissues, while in kidneys it remained till the 5<sup>th</sup> day following the last oral administration of the drug. Therefore, muscles of rabbits could be eaten safely in the 3<sup>rd</sup> day post treatment, while liver and kidneys could be eaten safely in the 5<sup>th</sup> day after treatment without any hazards on consumers.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28439_820ad5f5eadf7ff28e1e8160ecba81d4.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Residues Depletion of Doxycycline in Rabbit Tissues Using HPLC37452844010.21608/zvjz.2015.28440ENMaha S.Abdel-HafeezChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAhmed A.SaidPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSameh M.El-NabtityPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptElham A.MobarezChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptEslam E.HamedCentral Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20190307This work was performed to quantitatively determine doxycycline residues in different tissues of rabbits (kidneys, spleen, liver, muscles, heart and lungs) and sera following multiple oral doses of the drug using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Moreover, the study aimed to estimate the withdrawal time of this drug in rabbit tissues. Twenty five healthy male New Zealand rabbits ranging from 2-2.5 kg body weight were used. Twenty one rabbits were given doxycycline directly into the stomach at a dosage of 10 mg/kg BW once daily for five successive days. Samples were analyzed at 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st </sup>day after last oral dose. The results indicated a widespread distribution of doxycycline in the samples, which remained within the detectable limit till the 3<sup>rd</sup> day in most tested tissues. While in kidneys, spleen and liver, doxycycline remained till the 5<sup>th </sup>day following the last oral administration of the drug. Therefore, it is recommended that rabbits treated with doxycycline must be slaughtered after the fifth day of drug administration to be safe for human consumption.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28440_feddbe657d006fc883806aff8a823806.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Assessment of Food Poisoning Bacteria in Some Frozen Fish and Fish Products46522844110.21608/zvjz.2015.28441ENElsaid A.EldalyFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohamed A.ElshaterFood Safety Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMohamed A.HusseinFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAyman M.Sharaf EldinQuality Control and Processing Department, Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, EgyptJournal Article20190307Consumption of frozen fish and fish products has increased worldwide. Levels of <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella </em>Typhimurium and<em> Listeria monocytogenes</em> in frozen fish products marketed in Cairo and Sharkia Governorates, Egypt, were investigated. A total of 150 samples including peeled shrimp, surimi, fish fillet, oyster and lobster tail (30, each) were examined. The overall contamination rate of frozen fish products was 6%. <em>E. coli</em>, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and <em>S. </em>Typhimurium were identified in 2.7%, 2% and 1.3% of the examined samples,respectively. Health and food safety organizations should follow up fish products in all markets and apply the laws that prevent selling any fish products of unknown sources. Moreover, to ensure safety of fishery products, improvement of hygienic processing and handling from fish farming to markets is recommended.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28441_869c108a7791b00d3d982c07f065bdc5.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Prevalence of Septicemia and Red Mouth Disease Caused by Aeromonas sobria at Sahl El-Housinia Fish Farm53632844210.21608/zvjz.2015.28442ENZeinab M.El-BouhyFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptGamalEl-NobiFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptRasha MRedaAssistant professor of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University0000-0003- 3587-7964Shaimaa A.AliFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307The present study was carried out to isolate, identify and perform a trial for treatment of <em>Aeromonas sobria</em>; the etiological agent responsible for signs of septicemia with redness and hemorrhage of mouth in cultured <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> and mullet species. A total of 312 <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (30-65 g) and 158 mullet species (200-300 g) were collected a live from a private fish farm at Sahl El-Housinia, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Bacteriological examination of samples from gills, kidney, intestine, liver and spleen was carried out. Molecular identification, pathogenicity and <em>in vitro</em> antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains as well as <em>in vivo</em> trials of treatment were performed. The naturally infected fishes were characterized by signs of septicemia with redness of mouth and different parts of the body.<em> Aeromonas sobria</em> prevalence in <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (35.89%) was higher than that in mullet species (20.88%). Antibiotic sensitivity test on PCR confirmed isolates (n=3) that were highly pathogenic revealed that<em> Aeromonas sobria</em> was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin. The trial treatment of experimentally infected <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> with 0.2 ml (9x10<sup>8 </sup>CFU/ml) of 24 hrs virulent <em>Aeromonas sobria</em> broth culture using enrofloxacin (2 mg/l for 5 days as medical water bath) revealed better health condition and improvement in the signs of infection and levels of the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine. Histopathological findings of liver, kidney and intestine confirmed the results of serum biochemical analysis where lesions were alleviated to normal indicating improvement in the health condition due to the efficacy of enrofloxacin treatment. In conclusion, the use of enrofloxacin as a medical water bath by 2 mg/l for five days revealed good results but must be used under restrictions to avoid bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28442_59231ec0bcbebfacbf760a498ed8da96.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Effect of Unionized Ammonia (UIA) on Virulence of Clostridium perfringens in Oreochromis niloticus64712844310.21608/zvjz.2015.28443ENZeinab M.EL-BouhyFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptGamalEl-NobiFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohammed E.HassaninFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAfaf N.Abd EL-RahmanFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307The present work was performed to study the effect of unionized ammonia (UIA) on mortality rate, clinical signs, postmortem findings, some biochemical and immunological parameters and histopathological findings of <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>challenged with <em>Clostridium perfringens </em>type A<em>. </em>The experiment was carried out on 160 <em>Oreochromis niloticus </em>with average body weight 45±5 gram which were divided into 8 equal groups. Groups (1-4) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml/ fish of sterile cooked meat broth, while, groups (5-8) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml/fish of 24 hours old culture of <em>Clostridium perfringens </em>type A (0.5x10<sup>7 </sup>CFU) on cooked meat broth. The groups (1 and 5) were used as a control (not subjected to UIA) but the groups (2 and 6), (3 and 7) and (4 and 8) were subjected to 0.53, 0.265 and 0.132 mg/L of UIA. The results revealed that the highest mortality rate was 80% and 70% in infected fish exposed to 0.53 and 0.265 mg/L of UIA, respectively. The fish showed nervous manifestation, effort to swallow air from the water surface and mortality occurred with open mouth with dark body coloration, hemorrhages on body and increased mucus secretion on skin and gills. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and cortisol were significantly increased, while, the level of serum immunoglubulin M (IgM) was significantly decreased. Also, some histopathological changes were recorded in liver, kidney, gills and intestine. In conclusion, the elevated levels of UIA increased the virulence of <em>Clostridium perfringens </em>type A infection in <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28443_1134b3cc9540aba3f5e6c0039c6c0623.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Laparoscopic Tube Cystotomy as a New Trend for Treatment of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants72812844410.21608/zvjz.2015.28444ENMohamedGomaaSurgery, Anesthesia and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptNefissa H.MekkawySurgery, Anesthesia and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMahmoudAbdel MaboudSurgery, Anesthesia and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptFathy D.El SeddawySurgery, Anesthesia and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAhmedMonirSurgery, Anesthesia and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307The current study was planned to clarify the benefit from using laparoscopic tube cystotomy in treatment of obstructive urolithiasis especially in the cases that do not respond to urethral process amputation. For this purpose, 14 small ruminant cases were selected from 20 animals with obstructive urolithiasis. Another six cases that responded to urethral process amputation were also included. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. Laparoscopic tube cystotomy was performed by creating a diversion of urine from the urethra and voiding the urine temporarily from a foley catheter inserted inside the urinary bladder. In conclusion, this technique proved to be feasible in rams and bucks and can be used as an alternative to the open conventional tube cystotomy in cases of urine retention syndrome providing a minimal invasive tissue trauma and regaining the normal urination pathway in all treated cases.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28444_4194ccbf00b9ad764698a485b838174d.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201An Experimental Co-Infection of Broilers with Local Isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Escherichia coli82942844510.21608/zvjz.2015.28445ENAhmed M.HegazyAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptOlaHassaninAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptGehan F.IsmaeilSharkia Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, El-Ebrahimia Veterinary Administration, General Veterinary Services Organization, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20190307<em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale </em>is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with respiratory diseases in many avian species and it causes variable economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, single aerosol infection of broiler chickens with three PCR confirmed local isolates of <em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale </em>(ORT) from Sharkia Governorate was found to cause growth retardation together with mild respiratory manifestations and 5-10% mortalities. Mild tracheitis, airsacculitis and pneumonia were observed post aerosol administration. Co-infection with <em>E. coli</em> was found to have triggered effect on ORT infection in broiler and cause a higher degree of pathogenicity, higher mortalities and severe growth retardation than the single infection. The three different isolates were found to cause nearly the same degree of inflammatory response. ORT infection alone resulted in minimal microscopic lesions in the trachea and air sacs.Mixed infection (ORT with <em>E. coli</em>) resulted in more severe lesions than those by ORT alone as well as dense lymphocytic infiltrations in tracheas, lungs, air sacs and hearts were shown. Amoxicillin was successfully improving the clinical signs and body weight gain of ORT infected birds.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28445_1d1c261763a662ece99f350dfc496b9d.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Occurrence and Zoonotic Importance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw Milk and Some Dairy Products at Ismailia City, Egypt951042844610.21608/zvjz.2015.28446ENHanaaFadelHygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20190307This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and the zoonotic importance of methicillin resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA) in raw milk of sheep, goats and buffaloes, some dairy products and dairy workers at Ismailia City, Egypt.A total of 150 samples were collected randomly and cultured on Baird Parker agar and CHROMagar MRSA. Culturing on Baird Parker agar, the results revealed that 46.7 % of raw goat milk, 40% of raw sheep milk, 40% of raw buffaloes' milk, 80% of yogurt, 36.7% of ice cream, 63.3% of Kareish cheese and 63.3% of human swabs' samples were contaminated by coagulase positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>The isolation rates of MRSA on CHROMagar MRSA in relation to the number of the examined samples and the number of <em>S. aureus </em>isolates were (33.3 and 71.4%), (20 and 50%), (13.3 and 33.3%), (40 and 50%), (13.3 and 36.4%), (33.3 and 52.6%) and (13.3 and 21.1%) from the examined milk samples (goat, sheep, and buffaloes), yogurt, ice cream, Kareish cheese and human swabs' samples, respectively. PCR results showed that all the isolates that were classified as MRSA on CHROMagar contained <em>mec</em>A gene. Results of the disk diffusion test revealed that the resistance rates of MRSA strains to penicillin, gentamycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, amikacin, erythromycin and oxacillin were 91.2%, 67.6%, 14.7%, 94.1%, 91.2%, 82.4% and 100%, respectively. The effectiveness of some hand cleansing agents against the selected MRSA isolates was assessed. It was found that hand gel rub based on alcohol and triclosan together was the most effective agent. The findings of the present study necessitate exerting more efforts for effective control of MRSA in dairy products.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28446_a721fc00ed03ccf9f6424ac1620b0f64.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Role of Clostridial Species as Causative Agents of Cellulitis in Turkey1051142844710.21608/zvjz.2015.28447ENHamed A.El-HelwVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptYasser A.AbdallaVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptElham F.El-SerganyVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptHalaEl-SawyVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptMedhat M.TahaVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptAlaa A.El-MenisyVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190307The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of clostridial species as the etiology of cellulitis in turkey. Fifty recently dead turkeys were obtained from different localities (Ismailia, Giza, and Qalyubia Governorates) in Egypt with a previous history of short onset of clinical signs including reluctant of walking, recumbence and pain of thigh muscles under palpation. Eighty percent (40 turkey samples) gave positive results when isolated under anaerobic conditions. Cultivation of different liver tissues and heart blood revealed that 100% (40 out of 40 turkeys submitted to bacterial isolation) were confirmed as <em>C. septicum</em>, including 87.5% in single isolation, however, mixed infection with <em>C. perfringens</em> type A was detected in only 12.5%. These isolates were confirmed by culture characters; biochemical tests; toxin neutralization test; pathogenicity test, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The study concluded that the predominant causative agent of cellulitis in turkeys was <em>C. septicum</em>https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28447_2105ae2d73731e49441f96a6fb5735ce.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Efficacy of Curcumin and/or Chlorambucil on Ehrlich Ascitic Carcinoma in Mice1151252844810.21608/zvjz.2015.28448ENNasr A.M.Nasr EldeenClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHaytham A.AliBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307Cancer is the most common cause for human death following cardiovascular disorders. The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of curcumin and/or chlorambucil on modulating cancer induced by Ehrlich ascitic cells (EAC) in mice. One hundred and twenty five femal mice were equally divided into five groups. Group (1) was the normal control, groups (2-5) were injected intraperitoneally with EAC (1.4× 10<sup>6</sup>/0.2 ml). Group (2) was left without treatment (positive control). While groups (3-5) were treated orally with curcumin (20 mg/kg BW), chlorambucil (0.2mg/kg BW) and curcumin (20 mg/kg BW) plus chlorambucil (0.2mg/kg BW), respectively, after 48 hours from transplantation of Ehrlich cells. Blood samples and specimens from peritoneum, liver and kidney were collected from 15 mice in each group at the tenth day of the experiment. Survival analysis was carried out on the remaining animals. The obtained results revealed a significant decrease in body weight, ascetic fluids, total number of Ehrlich cells, number of live cells, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hepatic malondialdehyde and hepatic P53 and Bax gene expression in all treated groups compared with EAC bearing mice. Moreover, the mean survival time, life span, serum levels of total proteins, albumin, albumin globulins ratio, hepaticactivities of antioxidants (SOD and CAT ) and hepatic Bcl-2 gene expression were increased in curcumin and/or chlorambucil treated mice compared with the non treated animals. The histopathological examination showed that the least degree of changes was in the 5<sup>th </sup>group.In conclusion there is a synergistic good impact for using curamin as an adjuvant in combination with standard chemotherapy such as chlorambucil.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28448_a3e41cc87ded12fd7731e2717fbfeef8.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Clinicopathological Studies on the Effect of Filariasis in Egyptian Buffaloes1261342844910.21608/zvjz.2015.28449ENNasr A. M.Nasr EldeenClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307Filariasis is a vector-transmitted parasitic disease and has a worldwide spread. This work aimed to study the effect of filariasis on hematology, blood chemistry and antioxidant status of adult buffaloes as well as efficacy of ivermectin in disease treatment. The present study was done on fifteen male buffaloes, 2-4 years old, (7 apparently health and 8 suffered from filariasis). The diagnosis was based on the clinical signs and presence of Microfilariae in wet smear. One animal died during treatment. Hematological results revealed hemolytic anemia associated with a significant decrease in erythrocytic count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume. A significant increase in the total and differential leukocytic counts was recorded compared with the normal control. Evaluation of blood chemistry of infested animals showed significant changes in liver and cardiac function, as well as antioxidant parameters. These parameters returned to the normal levels 21days post treatment with ivermectin. It could be concluded that filariasis induced hemolytic anemia, with alteration in antioxidant enzymes and liver and cardiac functions. Also ivermectin is effective in treatment of filariasis.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28449_d25bb639f7eb0df8fbe922fd676e5514.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Pathological, Bacteriological and Biochemical Studies on the Effect of Formic Acid in Broiler Chickens1351442845010.21608/zvjz.2015.28450ENEzzat H.Abo El -FetouhPathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchNesseren A.ShawkyChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchGhada M.El KhiderChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchHassan A.AliBacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Damanhour BranchEl SayedMansourBacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchJournal Article20190307A total of 100 apparently healthy Hubbard chicks, one day of age were used in this study to investigate the effect of formic acid on body performance. |Biochemical and histopathological changes beside its effect on intestinal bacterial growth in broiler were also studied. Cloacal swabs were collected from all chicks for bacteriological examination at day one of age. Eighteen chicks were positive and the distribution of the bacterial agents was 13 for single infection (<em>E. coli</em>, <em>Corynebacterium</em> species and <em>Salmonella</em> species) and 5 in case of mixed infection (<em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Corynebacterium </em>species, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>). Serological identification of the isolated <em>E. coli</em> revealed O78 (4) and O157 (2), while, the obtained Salmonella serotypes were <em>S</em>. Typhimurium (3) and <em>S</em>. Enteritidis (1). Sixty bacterial free chicks were divided into 3 groups (20 birds, each), 1<sup>st</sup> group served as control. The 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> groups received 1 ml and 2 ml formic acid/ liter drinking water, respectively for 30days. Formic acid in both doses induced a significant increase in body weight gain, total proteins, albumin and globulins coupled with significant decrease in total lipids, cholesterol and triglyceride. Meanwhile, A/G Ratio calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc, sodium and potassium insignificantly increased beside insignificant decrease in liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) uric acid, creatinine and intestinal bacterial content as well as improved the feed consumption and feed conversion rate. Histopathologically, spleen and bursa showed hyperplasia of lymphocytes in white pulp. Hepatic tissue particularly the 3<sup>rd </sup>group had mild fatty changes and hydropic degeneration. Also renal tubules of undergo mild hydropic degeneration. In conclusion the use of formic acid as feed additive in chicken broiler ration may act as growth promoter and exhibits positive impact on biochemical parameters, intestinal and immune organs histology beside reduction of colonization of bacteria in intestinal wall.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28450_f98834a15564ff80da3bbcd9b278072f.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Interaction of Ceftriaxone with Echinacea1451512845110.21608/zvjz.2015.28451ENNagah M.EdreesPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSameh M.El-NabtityPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptManal B.MahmoudImmunology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, EgyptMohammed S.BadrPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptNaglaa Z.EleiwaPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone induced lipid peroxidation which generated the peroxidases and hydro peroxidases. The aforementioned substances caused an immune suppression. <em>Echinacea</em> is a popular herbal product in North America and Europe, used as an immune-modulatory product.The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of Echinacea, ceftriaxone and their combination on some immunological parameters in vaccinated rabbits, moreover to investigate the effect of Echinacea to ameliorate the side effect and immune-suppression of ceftriaxone. The experiment was carried out on twenty-five male New Zealand white rabbits .They were divided into 5 equal groups, each consisting of five rabbits (control, vaccinated with formalized killed<em> P.multocida</em> vaccine, vaccinated and treated with 50 mg/Kg BW Ceftriaxone I/M once daily for 5 days, vaccinated and treated with 50 mg/Kg BW Echinacea orally once daily for 5 days and vaccinated and treated with Ceftriaxone and Echinacea). Some immunological parameters had been estimated (Nitric Oxide, Lysosomal activity, Lymphocyte transformation and fractionation of serum protein. The Echinacea group was the best in all estimated parameters, while the Ceftriaxone group was the worst. Both Echinacea and ceftriaxone in a combination improved the immunological parameters. In ceftriaxone group, serum nitric oxide and serum lysozyme activity were 6.73±0.32um/ml and 139.60±2.29Ugm/ml; 6.62±0.21um/ml and 136.00±1.14Ugm/ml; 6.33±0.23um/ml and 130.80±1.02Ugm/ml at the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> day post vaccination, respectively. The immunological parameters were better in the combined group (14.78±0.15 γ-globulin, 14.62±0.16 β-globulin, 11.96±0.10 α-globulin, 62.09±0.05 albumin and 0.89±0.03 Lymphocyte Transformation index) when compared with the ceftriaxone group (10.22±0.17 γ-globulin, 13.13±0.16 β-globulin, 10.04±0.39 α-globulin, 60.55±0.53 albumin and 0.59±0.02 Lymphocyte Transformation index). Therefore, the current study concluded that combination of both ceftriaxone and Echinacea have a promising protective action and improving rabbit immunity, through ameliorating the obvious immune-suppression of the Ceftriaxone alone.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28451_89835edc7a09bbc9c2da1c3cfa3e669a.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Some Pharmacological Studies on Lamivudine in Rats1521582845210.21608/zvjz.2015.28452ENNagah M.EdreesPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSameh M.El-NabtityPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptGamal A.El-MowalidBacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohammed S.BadrPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190307The present study was carried out to evaluate the side effects of lamivudine administration and its immunological effect in male albino rats through estimating some hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions, humoral immunity and phagocytic capacity. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 groups (control and treated groups) each of 20 rats. The treated group was orally administered Lamivudine for 60 days in a dose of 9 mg/kg BW once daily. In the current study, all hematological parameters were within the normal range except the packed cell volume which increased at 60 days (45.60±0.87). IgG was increased in the treated group at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days (1183.96±11.64, 1203.58±2.02, 1185±13.27and 1181.16±11.74, P<0.01, respectively), while IgM did not reveal any significant change. In treated group, there were no significant changes in serum urea and creatinine except after 15 days of drug administration the creatinine level was significantly decreased. Aspartate aminotransferase was decreased (24.00±1.94, P<0.01) after 45 days of drug administration, while alkaline phosphatase did not significantly changed. Alanine aminotransferase was decreased (26.20±1.95, 31.40±1.77, 29±3.39 and 22±1.41, P<0.01) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, respectively. The total protein increased at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of drug administration in the treated group (8.64±0.12, 8.07±0.19, 8.06±0.46 and 8.60±0.22, P<0.01, respectively). Moreover, total globulins were significantly increased at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of drug administration (4.91±0.13, 4.92±0.35, 4.31±0.26 and 4.34±0.16, respectively). The present results revealed an increase in the phagocytic percent and phagocytic index at 30 (1.12±0.09 and 79.15±3.64) and 60 days (0.93±0.08 and 77.13±4.45) of drug administration, respectively. Based on the current findings, it may be concluded that lamivudine had no serious side effects on hematology, both liver and kidney functions with a promising immunostimulant effect.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28452_af3d7dfbf9775ef71ce24402511b2f90.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Field trials for Treatment of She Camels Mastitis in Sharkia Governorate1591692845310.21608/zvjz.2015.28453ENEsamEl NabrawyFood Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, EgyptEhabHusseinChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, EgyptEl SayedMansourBacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, EgyptMagda N.Abd El-HamidChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, EgyptRedaZakiChemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, EgyptJournal Article20190307Thirty mastitic milk samples were collected from she camels for the isolation and identification of bacteria causing mastitis and to determine their antibiogram against certain antibiotics. Bacteriological examination of mastitic milk samples revealed 18 single isolates (60%) and 12 mixed isolates (40%). Gentamicin was found to be the highest effective drug against the isolated bacteria than other used drugs. A total of 25 she camels (15 healthy and 10 mastitic) were divided into 5 equal groups receiving gentamicin alone and/or in combination with isoflupredone acetate. Blood and milk samples were taken from all she camels at 1<sup>st</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 15<sup>th</sup> days post treatment for haematological and biochemical analysis. The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb, PCV%, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca, Ph, Na levels in healthy she camels received gentamicin. While, isoflupredone acetate induced significant increase of WBCs count, AST, ALT, ALP, Ca, Ph, K levels in healthy she camels. Mastitis in she camels lead to significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb, PCV%, albumin, A/G ratio, Ca, Ph, Na, zinc, iron levels and milk production beside no statically difference in K and copper, WBCs, total protein, globulin, AST, ALT and ALP. Hematological and biochemical parameters alterations were returned to nearly normal levels on 10<sup>th</sup> day post treatment. It could be concluded that gentamicin and isoflupredone acetate had better results in reducing clinical signs of mastitis and improve adverse effects in she camels.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28453_d368252591784b8c8c10481bcc418128.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Clinicopathological Studies on Neem and Ginger Effects as Feed Additives in Normal and E. coli Infected Weaned Rabbits1701782845410.21608/zvjz.2015.28454ENNariman M. M.EdreesClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptIbtisam M.Gamal El DienAnimal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, EgyptSalwa A. M.EidAnimal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20190307The present study was performed to investigate the clinicopathological effects of neem and ginger as feed additives. One hundred and twenty weaned White New Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 equal groups. Group (1) kept as control. Groups (2 and 5) received ration contained neem leaves daily (5% of diet). Groups (3 and 6) received ration contained ginger powder daily (2% of diet). Groups (4, 5 and 6) were experimentally infected by <em>E. coli</em> (O103 once orally with a dose of 3 ml of suspension containing 3x10<sup>7</sup> CFU at the end of the 4<sup>th</sup> week of experiment. The results revealed normal parameters in none infected as well as neem and ginger treated groups (1, 2 and 3). However a significant decrease in the serum total protein, albumin, globulin and catalase levels (CAT) on the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd </sup>and 15<sup>th</sup> day PI was observed in infected non treated animals (Group 4). On the other hand a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde level (MDA), phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index were observed in the same group. In Groups 5 and 6; animals showed a significant increase in total protein, albumin, globulin, CAT and a significant decrease in the other parameters comparing with the infected group.It could be concluded that both neem and ginger can be used as feed additives in rabbit ration to enhance hepatic, renal and antioxidant activities beside cell mediated immunity .Moreover, Neem was better than ginger in amelioration of the harmful effects of <em>E. coli</em> infection https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28454_5175c8fa78aadc3d6368ec342a38c2e1.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145843320151201Bacterial Leg Infections in Broiler Chickens1791882845510.21608/zvjz.2015.28455ENMohamed A.LebdahAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptFatma M.YoussefClinical Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, IsmailiaEzz-Eldin A.ElwanPoultry and Rabbit Disease Department, Animal Health Research Institute, IsmailiaJournal Article20190307In a trial to investigate the bacterial causes of leg infection in broiler chickens, a total of 308 samples (foot bad and hock joint) of broiler chickens suffering from lameness were collected randomly from different broiler farms at Ismailia, Sharkia and North Sinai Governorates. Clinical and post-mortem examination, besides bacteriological analysis of the samples were carried out. The bacteriological investigation revealed the isolation of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(83.8%, 258/308), <em>Staphylococcus lentus</em> (16.2%, 50/308), <em>Escherichia coli </em>(28.6%, 88/308);<em> Salmonella </em>spp.(1.3%, 4/308)<em>, Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(1.9%, 6/308)and<em> Pasteurella multocida</em> (1.9%, 6/308). Antimicrobial sensitivity tests of the isolated bacteria revealed that <em>S. aureus</em> isolates were sensitive to Cefotaxim, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and sulpha Trimethoprim. Virulence associated factors (coagulase gene and clumping factor) were determined in <em>S. aureus </em>isolates by conventional PCR. The results showed that the coagulase gene was identified in 10 <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, while, the clumping factor was detected in only two isolates. It could be concluded that the staphylococcal infection is the most important cause of arthritis in broiler chickens.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_28455_3dd5ab3df02d196443603c2e332e69fd.pdf