Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Tissue Engineering in Wound Healing Therapy by Using Chitosan and Stem Cells37438921182810.21608/zvjz.2021.96509.1156ENAidaEl-ShaerDepartment of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt0000-0002-2745-9693AhmedAbuel-AttaDepartment of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptWahidEidDepartment of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDinaAlSadekDepartment of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt0000-0001-5843-1119Journal Article20210919Skin wounds are considered as the most critical, and widespread problems due to the high rate of accidents or burn worldwide. Full-thickness skin loss could be chronic or acute wounds<strong>, </strong>which found difficulty in medical treatment, because of taking a long time in healing. Therefore, exposure to the infection, which delays the healing process and causing disordered healing, ends with distortion or incomplete closure, which might lead to a fatal complication. Thus, the need for skin grafting is a necessary and critical decision although its side effects and rejection possibilities. This review put a spotlight on one of the latest therapeutic techniques in regenerative medicine “tissue engineering”. It is an up-to-dates field in applications of stem cells and cells culture to replace the traditional tissue or organs transplantation techniques. We discussed the skin organ scaffolding as a simple example of tissue engineering applications in accelerating wound healing using stem cells cultured with chitosan scaffold. The latter is characterized by several medical properties especially in skin regeneration, for fabrication of artificial skin, which mimics the natural skin tissue and applying it in chronic or acute wounds therapy.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211828_0ca53b9dff29b4e71bd576f33c50bf19.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Curcumin Effect on Rats Hepato-Renal Functions, Hematological Parameters, and Inflammatory Markers in Comparison with Celecoxib and Prednisolone39039921183510.21608/zvjz.2021.96979.1157ENSaydatAbd-El MegidDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, EgyptEmanOsmanBachelor of pharmacy, Zagazig University, El Qalyobiua, Egypt,TarekKhamisDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, EgyptAhmedArishaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-1330-6311DoaaAbdel-FattahDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210923The present study was performed to investigate curcumin's effect on hepato-renal functions, some hematological parameters, and inflammatory markers in carrageenan-injected rats compared with celecoxib and prednisolone. Sixty male rats were divided into five groups (G1 and G2: control, G3, G4, and G5: orally received celecoxib (10 mg /kg), prednisolone (5 mg /kg), and curcumin (100 mg /kg) respectively. All groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received single subcutaneous carrageenan injection, 0.1 ml carrageenan sodium (1.5 % solution in saline), in rat paw after 14 days. Serum inflammatory markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase "ALT", albumin and bilirubin), kidney function tests (urea and creatinine), platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) count were measured. The results revealed that curcumin administration induced a significant downregulation in inflammatory markers compared with the carrageenan-treated group. Also, the current results revealed that curcumin has no side effects on the liver, kidney function, and on platelets and WBCs count; on the contrary, it improved the carrageenan effect on these parameters, unlike celecoxib and prednisolone. Based on the above-mentioned findings, it couldbe concluded that curcumin is displayed as an anti-inflammatory with minimum side effects on hepato-renal function and hematological variables, unlike celecoxib and prednisolone.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211835_e303dc63ed2bbb597984f68cf7e771fb.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Comparative Study on the Effect of A probiotic and Toltrazuril for Controlling Coccidiosis in Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica)40041321183810.21608/zvjz.2021.97319.1158ENNasrNasr ElDeenClinical pathology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptShimaaIsmailClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptSaharAbdel HamiedClinical Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ZagazigAsmaaKaserClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig, University, EgyptReference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, ZagazigJournal Article20211014This study was carried out to compare between the effect of probiotic (Gro-2-max) and anticoccidial toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis in quails and also examine their effects on some blood biochemical, antioxidant and immunological parameters. One hundred and twenty six apparently healthy, one day old quails were divided into 6 equal groups. Group (Gp 1) was kept as control. Gp 2 was treated with a probiotic preparation (1 gm/L drinking water) from a day till 28 days old. Gp 3 was treated with toltrazuril at 16 days old at a dose of 25 ppm (1 ml/L drinking water) for 2 consecutive days. Gp 4 was inoculated with 4.1 x 10<sup>4</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>Eimeria spp.</em> intracrop at 14 days old. Gp 5 was treated with a probiotic (1 gm/L drinking water) from a day till 28 days old and experimentally inoculated with 4.1 x 10<sup>4</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>Eimeria spp < /em>. at 14 days old using intracrop route. Gp 6 was experimentally inoculated with 4.1 x 10<sup>4</sup> sporulated oocysts of <em>Eimeria spp < /em>. at 14 days old and treated with toltrazuril at 16 days old at a dose of 25 ppm (1ml/L drinking water) for 2 consecutive days. Probiotic relatively minimize the infestation and oocysts shedding. Moreover, an improvement in the cecal IFN-<em>γ</em> &IL-2 and antioxidant enzymes with variable effects on the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, ALT, AST and ALP activities were resulted. It could be concluded that the addition of the used probiotic (1 gm/L drinking water) was found to have a positive effect on coccidiosis and reduce the number of Eimeria oocysts and reduces the damage caused by free radicals and raise immunity.</em></em>https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211838_7a9e590d53498a3bd8b4a028c573608b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Computed Tomographic, Echocardiographic, Radiographic, and Morphological Anatomy of the Heart in Goats (Capra Hircus).41442821183910.21608/zvjz.2021.98165.1159ENAly El-DeenAbd-ElbassetAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.AtefEl-sayedAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptHassanMohamedAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptEmanEl-BhereyAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptDoaaNouhAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.Journal Article20211001The heart is the most important organ in the cardiovascular system. It pumps oxygen-rich blood all over the body. The imaging techniques are vital to get details for the best description of the structures of the cardiovascular system. Hence, it is considered an important means for diagnosis and clinical application. The current study was performed on five healthy goats of both sexes from native breeds, weighing about 30–35 kg and aging from one to three years. These goats were used as follows: topographical examination, gum milk injection (Latex 60%), computed tomography followed by frozen cross-section technique, thoracic radiograph, and echocardiography respectively. Ten hearts of apparent healthy goats were dissected for describing the heart morphology. The heart of the goat was situated between the 3rd and the 6th ribs in the thoracic cavity. It was hollow muscular cone-shaped with a slightly pointed apex. It had two surfaces, two borders, a base, and an apex. It was divided into four chambers through coronary and longitudinal grooves. The Computed Tomography sections result was compared with the anatomical images. Radiography and echocardiography were figured, identified, and labeled to create a comprehensive guide for experts in anatomy, surgery, and veterinary education. In conclusion, heart dissection generates anatomical knowledge and description. Besides, the modern imaging modalities such as Computed Tomography, echocardiography, and radiograph, provided non-invasive means for the animal anatomy in living animals.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211839_e20bd5cd5ce78d2779f1da5cb6b8a3e7.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Effect of Copper Sulphate Pollution and its Antidote Penicillamine on Liver and Serum Markers of Albino Rats43144321184010.21608/zvjz.2021.95736.1155ENMedhatFawzyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptSaraAhmedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptBachelor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, EgyptTarekKhamisDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptAhmedArishaDepartment of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Badr City, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt0000-0002-1330-6311DoaaAbdel-FattahBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20210917Copper is an essential trace element and is required for many metabolic functions. The present study was designed to study the negative impact of excess copper sulphate (Cuso4) on liver of albino rats and studying how its antidote d-penicillamine play role in the development of its side effects. Seventy albino rats were divided into seven equal groups each containing 10 rats (G1:control group received distilled water) ; (G2: 0.1 LD50 of CuSO4) ; (G3: 0.2 LD50 of CuSO4) ; (G4: 0.4 LD50 of CuSO4) ; (G5: 0.1 LD50 of CuSO4 +100 mg/kg/day of penicillamine) ; (G6: LD50 of CuSO4.+100 mg/kg/day of penicillamine) and (G7: LD50 of CuSO4+ 100 mg/kg/day of penicillamine) for 30 days. At the end of the experiment all rats were sacrificed, and blood samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and molecular assaying. The result showed that administration of copper sulphate with different levels induced a significant increase in fasting blood glucose level (FBG), lipid peroxidation marker (MDA), serum copper level, white blood cells (WBCs) and serum tyrosinase activity, but a significant decrease in total antioxidant activity (TAC), Hb and platelet count. Moreover, copper sulphate administration elicited a significant (P ˂ 0.05) downregulation of cytochrome c oxidase (Cyto co) and glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). It could be approved that d- penicillamine (DPA) can decrease the negative impact of copper sulphate on hepatic tissues and serum enzymes. DPA can reduce hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by copper pollution.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211840_909de8f1d509a0cf0398487c8fc8e21b.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Mycoplasma bovis: Taxonomy, Characteristics, Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance44045521185810.21608/zvjz.2021.103834.1160ENAhmedAmmarDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptMarwa I.Abd El-HamidDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptYousreya M.HashemDepartment of Mycoplasma Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, 12622, EgyptRania M.S.El-MaltDepartment of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute-Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig, 44516, Egypt0000-0002-2453-3755Heba M.MohamedDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptJournal Article20211122Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the most significant bacteria, which leads to multiple bovine diseases such as keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media, arthritis, genital disorders, mastitis, and pneumonia in cattle. M. bovis is considered the second most pathogenic mycoplasmas infection after Mycoplasma mycoides sub sp. mycoides (Mmm) that causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. M. bovis is a wall-less host-specific bacterium. Currently, it is responsible for important economic problems worldwide such as reducing production, premature culling, and increasing the mortality of the affected animals. The infection caused by M. bovis is hampered due to the lack of effective vaccines and treatment. Besides, antibiotic resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones, the drug of choice for M. bovis treatment, has formidable economic losses due to treatment limitations by these antimicrobials. Our review highlights and discusses the taxonomy, general characteristics, economic importance, isolation, identification, and pathogenesis of M. bovis. Finally, it focused on the antimicrobial resistance of this particular bacterium.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211858_e91b75798603bbfc788cff9d26a15051.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Ethoxyquin and Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene Induced Hepatotoxic Effect Via Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress in Rats: Tissue Injury-Related CYP1A1 Gene Expression45647021186010.21608/zvjz.2021.104945.1162ENDinaHegabForensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptAmanyMohammedForensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptMohamedMetwallyPathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptMervatGhoneimForensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.AliAbou-HadeedForensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptJournal Article20211111Animal feed may contain different phenolic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), and ethoxyquin (EQ). EQ and BHT at high concentrations can have a pro-oxidant effect and can cause adverse health effects in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatotoxic effect of EQ and / or BHT in rats. Fifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to five groups of 10 rats each as following: the first group served as control and did not receive any treatments; the second group served as vehicle control and was orally given corn oil. The third group was orally administered EQ day after day in a dose of 1/5 of LD50, the fourth group was orally received BHT day after day in a dose of 1/5 LD50. The fifth group was orally administered both EQ and BHT at the same doses and durations described above. The duration of this study was 45 and 90 days. The results revealed that EQ, BHT and their co-exposure caused a significant decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH)) in rats. Also a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels was recorded in serum of rats. Co-exposure group had a significant increase in DNA damage variables (% tail DNA, tail length, and Olive Tail Moment (OTM)), strong immuno positive reactivity of caspase3 and up regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in the liver cells of exposed rats. In conclusion, we can state that EQ and BHT are potentially hepatotoxic compounds where the oxidative stress could be accepted as a possible mechanism of their toxicity. Therefore, the utilization of such compounds as feed additives should be more controlled and limited. https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211860_ad5be79ac2bfa817c2fafc8d6fc73e70.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Ultrasound, Hematological and Biochemical Analysis in Canine with Inflammatory Bowel Disease47148121186510.21608/zvjz.2021.107361.1164ENHebaEl-ZaharInternal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.ZeinabAbd El-RahmanInternal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.AbbasEl-NaggarInternal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.Journal Article20211205Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is a group of disorders characterized by persistent gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. The goal of this study was to investigate the hematobiochemical alterations in association with the clinical outcomes and prognostic markers including cobalamine, folate and vitamin D3 in dogs with IBD. A total of 23 IBD dogs with symptoms of chronic gastrointestinal diseases were chosen for the study, these include vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss and abdominal pain. Ultrasonographically, the most common IBD-related abnormalities were dilated intestinal loops with hypermotility, as well as thickening and loss of wall layers in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Hematological findings showed significant increase in the total white blood cell count (14.58 ± 0.49) and neutrophils (69.8 ± 1.6), and significant decrease in hemoglobin (9.83 ± 0.44) and Hematocrit value (30.30 ± 1.24). Biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine compared to the controls. Whilst significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D, folate and cobalamin levels in IBD dogs was observed which indicate intestinal malabsorption, and these markers are good predictors of IBD.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211865_1f37f694c3c7579d6a3875aa94f883ad.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145849420211201Evaluation of Antibiofilm Activity of Nigella sativa and Olive Oils’ Nanoemulsions against Bacillus cereus from Dairy Processing Plants48249121186710.21608/zvjz.2021.106627.1163ENSalahAbd-El AalFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptAlaaMohamedFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptAsmaaMohamedFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptJournal Article20211128Kariesh cheese, ice cream, and pasteurized milk are among the popular dairy products with high nutritive values. These products are commonly consumed in Egypt at all ages. However, the surrounding surfaces and equipment might lead to contamination of such dairies with foodborne pathogens such as Bacillus cereus. Microbial biofilm production is a developed mechanism that enhances survival and resistance to harsh environment along with spores. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of B. cereus in dairy products including kariesh cheese, ice cream as well as pasteurized milk, dairy plant surfaces, and equipment. Besides, the ability of the identified B. cereus isolates to produce biofilm were further examined. In a prevention trial, Nigella sativa and olive oils’ nanoemulsions were used at a concentration of 1%, and 2% to reduce B. cereus biofilm formation. The obtained results revealed isolation of B. cereus from the examined kariesh cheese, ice cream, pasteurized milk, dairy plant surfaces, and equipment at 44%, 16%, 8%, 72%, and 68%, respectively, with average counts of 3.69 ± 0.23, 2.58 ± 0.19, 2.15 ± 0.21, 5.36 ± 0.39, and 4.46 ± 0.59 log 10 cfu/g, respectively. Molecular confirmation of the recovered B. cereus isolates revealed that all isolates harbored B. cereus -specific 16S rRNA, and Cal Y, biofilm-matrix protein. All B. cereus isolates had the ability to produce biofilm. Nigella sativa, and olive oils’ nanoemulsions reduced B. cereus-produced biofilm in a concentration-dependent manner.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_211867_7e6983c06efee60b3e0c626a9368f282.pdf