Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601The Prevalence and Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep and Goats961041438110.21608/zvjz.2018.14381ENEl-ShymaaAbdallahVeterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohamed I.EissaAnimal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAfaf M.MenazeAnimal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922From September 2016 to August 2017, four hundred and twenty four milk samples were collected from mammary halves of 212 apparently healthy lactating animals (108 ewes and 104 does) from small private flocks in different localities at Sharkia Governorate. All samples were investigated by California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological examination to determine prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in sheep and goats and to estimate the mean somatic cell count (SCC) of infected milk samples with different pathogens. The prevalence rates of SCM using CMT were 44 (40.7%) in ewes [59 milk samples, (27.3%)] and 50 (48.1%) in does [62 milk samples, (29.8%)]. Furthermore, out of ewes’ and does’ milk samples examined by bacteriological culture 54 (25.0%) and 56 (26.9%) samples were bacteriologically positive, respectively. The isolated bacterial causing SCM in ewes’ milk samples were <em>E. coli </em>(44.4%)<em>, S. aureus </em>(38.9%), <em>Streptococcus</em> spp. (27.8%), coagulase negative <em>Staphylococci</em> (26.0%), <em>Citrobacter</em> spp. (3.7%) and <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. (1.9%). The identified isolates from does’ milk samples were <em>S. aureus </em>(46.4%),<em> E. coli </em>(26.8%), <em>Streptococcus</em> spp. (25.0%), coagulase negative <em>Staphylococci</em> (19.6%), <em>Citrobacter</em> spp. (5.4%) and <em>Enterobacter </em>spp. (3.6%). The geometric mean of SCC of milk samples harbored major pathogens was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those harbored minor pathogens. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied on a total of 26 isolates from the most recovered species associated with mastitic milk samples of ewes and does. Suspected <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Strep. agalactiae, Strep. dysagalactiae, </em>and<em> Strep. uberis</em> isolates showed characteristic bands at 270 bp, 366 bp, 487 bp, 279 bp, and 723 bp which were specific for the used genes, respectively. In conclusion: a great attention should be directed to the early diagnosis of SCM in ewes and does.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14381_f0dfa9c6d1ae94b9a42e6bdf169e3308.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes1051161438210.21608/zvjz.2018.14382ENMohamed A.HashemClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptShefaa A.M.El-MandrawyClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptIman E.El- ArabyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAlaa A.A.El- SayedClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port- Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype ‘O’ which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded thatFMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection. https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14382_b92add6b154130f9d5c48135b98c56d4.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Effect of Human Umblical Cord Blood Stem Cells on a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease1171271438310.21608/zvjz.2018.14383ENSomia H.Abd-AllahBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptEl-Sayed A.Abdel-AzizPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSabry M.AliPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptGamal El-Din A.ShamsPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHesham H.MohammedVeterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptEsraa M.FahmyPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14383_83655fc6dc36f7baa33971445a818217.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Enterococcus faecalis Cell-Free Supernatant Inhibits Hyphal Morphogenesis and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans1281351438510.21608/zvjz.2018.14385ENMohamed N.HassanMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptYasmine H.TartorMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAshour F.AshourPublic Health Department, Dakahlia Veterinary Medicine Directorate, El Mansoura, EgyptElmowalid A.ElmowalidMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922<em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> are two of the most significant opportunistic and intricate nosocomial pathogens. They reside overlapping niches as major constituents of the gastrointestinal (GI) and oral microbiome. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between these two opportunistic pathogens that could affect treatment strategies and influence the interkingdom signaling and sensing in the microbiome conceptions. <em>E. faecalis</em> was isolated from 150 samples collected from human urine, cattle raw milk, milk products and chicken intestine and identified by both the routine microbiological and molecular identification methods based on 16S rRNA gene. Isolates susceptibility to nine antimicrobials was analyzed using the disk-diffusion method and <em>E. faecalis</em> isolates showed multidrug resistance. Most of <em>C. albicans</em> isolates were able to form biofilm with different intensities. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of <em>E. faecalis</em> was purified and tested against<em> C. albicans</em> and/or biofilm formation.It inhibited the growth of <em>C. albicans</em> and their filamentation with regards to biofilm formation<em> in vitro</em>. The data presented here demonstrated the potential antifungal activity of <em>E. faecalis</em> CFS and could explain the biological interaction between these two microbes in one hand and the possibility of using <em>E. faecalis</em> CFS as a biological product to control yeast infection in the other hand.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14385_d42556565dfd77b4e8c3cadcaae26daa.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601The Efficiency of Kisspeptin and GnRH as Stimulators of Gonadotrophins and Testosterone in Prepubertal Male Cattle1361451438610.21608/zvjz.2018.14386ENAhmed E.AhmedTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptMohieHaridyPathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptAyman Y.KassabAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, New valley 51714, EgyptHassanAhmedPhysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptWaleedSenosyTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, New valley 51714, EgyptHirataToh-IchiAnimal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, JapanHashizumeTsutomuAnimal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, JapanJournal Article20180922 Our study aimed to compare between the efficiency of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) as a trigger stimulator for gonadotropins; luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) in male calves. Four prepubertal male Japanese Black calves were used. The animals were given GnRH or Kp10 separately. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and T concentrations were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gonadotropins were significantly increased in response to injections of GnRH and Kp10. However, the response of gonadotropins-release was significantly greater to GnRH than to Kp10 (P<0.05) throughout the 180-min period. Plasma T concentrations increased significantly following injection of Kp10 or GnRH (P<0.05) in comparison with the pre-injection levels (0.75 - 0.47 ng/m<em>l</em>) but no significant difference was observed in T-releasing in response to GnRH and Kp10 throughout the 180-min period. Histopathologically, the testicular tissue had seminiferous cords, essentially without lumina, rather than seminiferous tubules. The basal lamina was very thick and surrounded the immature ill-developed Sertoli as well as spermatogonia cells. Neither spermatid cells nor sperms were seen (no spermatogenesis) with abundant interstitial tissue. No differences in structure of testes in Kp10 or GnRH-injected claves and those of control. Conclusively, GnRH and kisspeptin stimulated equally the secretion of T in prepubertal bulls but did not affect process of spermatogenesis. https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14386_b285d45d1711f46e3d918f6e28d79618.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Modeling of Biological Data Based on Regression Methods1461531438710.21608/zvjz.2018.14387ENKhairy M.El-BayomiAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptElhoussainy A.RadyApplied Statistics and Econometrics Department, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Cairo UniversityMahmoud S.El-TarabanyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHala I.MahmoudAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922The ordinary least square estimates of multiple regression parameters is characterized by low bias and large variance leading to poor performance in both prediction and interpretation of the regression model under study. Penalized regression techniques represented in ridge, lasso and elastic net were used to improve the ordinary least square estimates performance. Categorical regression algorithm provides efficient procedure for computing the regression coefficients of ridge, lasso, and elastic Net models. The statistical analysis was done on ten single nucleotide polymorphisms simulated data with strong linkage disequilibrium as predictors of a continuous phenotypic trait. The coefficients were 39%, 34%, 29% and 28% for ridge, elastic net, lasso and stepwise multiple regression methods, respectively. The current study finished that ridge regression followed by elastic net regression performed better than the other regression methods.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14387_0f8d6ce141f0cc20114dfdef8774e61f.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Aeromonas Species Isolated from Raw and Ready- to- Eat fish Marketed in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt1541591438810.21608/zvjz.2018.14388ENAmira S.A.AttiaDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMariam H.E.KhedrDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMahmoud S.ZakiDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180922This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of pathogenic <em>Aeromonas</em> spp in Tilapia fish consumed in Sharkia province, Egypt. Some virulence genes play a role in their pathogenicity (aerolysin- aer and hemolysin - hly) were also determined. A total of 140 samples (raw and ready to eat fish RTE including grilled and fried fish) were collected from markets and fish shops with different sanitation levels. All samples were subjected to microbiological examinationfor isolation of<em> Aeromonas</em> spp. The results showed that <em>Aeromonas </em>spp were isolated in higher percentage (44.3%) in raw fish than those in RTE (15.7%). Additionally, molecular characterization of 20 <em>Aeromonas </em>isolates revealed that 75 and 55% of isolates were positive for the aerolysin and hemolysin genes, respectively. <em>A. hydrophila</em> had higher percentage of both genes than <em>A. caviae</em> isolates. This study highlighted a major threat to public health due to presence of <em>A.</em> <em>hydrophila </em>with virulence genes in both raw and RTE fish. Consequently, it should be ensured fish food safety and safeguard health.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14388_b33d667702876c2ff52a2704cddec1d1.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846220180601Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Effect of Cinnamon Extract in High Fat Diet Fed Rats1601671438910.21608/zvjz.2018.14389ENHaiam A.MohammedPhysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511Doaa M.Abdel FattahBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511Journal Article20180922The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of cinnamon extract (CE) in rats fed on high fat diet (HFD). Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group, HFD group, HFD group treated by cinnamon and the last group was treated with cinnamon extract. In HFD group, rats were fed on HFD for two months. In HFD group treated by cinnamon, rats fed on HFD for two months then CE was orally administered for a period of 4 weeks at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. In CE treated group, rats were fed on standard diet for two months then orally administered CE for a period of 4 weeks at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The obtained results indicated that the oral administration of cinnamon extract has antihyperlipidemic effect that improving the lipid profile. There were reductions in the levels of serum triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C (P≤ 0.01) and total cholesterol (P<0.05) with an increase of the HDL-C serum level (P≤ 0.01) in HFD fed rats treated by CE. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P≤ 0.01), elevation of serum insulin level (P≤ 0.01) and reduction in liver enzyme ALT and AST activities (P≤ 0.01) with oral administration of CE. In addition, CE can promote glucose transporter isotype-4 (GLUT4) gene expression in adipose tissue of HFD fed rats. From the current study, it was concluded that oral administration of cinnamon extract has both hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in hyperlipidemic rats.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14389_68ada263f636dfdf843ac93a02fe0a3d.pdf