Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601PCR-based Differentiation Of Zoonotic Fascioliasis189567810.21608/zvjz.2013.95678ENAdel M Abdel-AzizNewishyDepartment of Zoonotic Disease, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha UniversityJournal Article20200614Out of 100 samples from slaughtered cattle of different ages were examined at Kalyobia province slaughterhouses Tukh center from October 2010 to October, 2011 in order to identify associated risk factors, 8% gave positive results (6 <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> and 2 <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>). Out of 100 stool samples examined from men occupationally contacts with cattle, 2% were positives to <em>fasciola hepatica</em> only.<br /> The histopathological examination of the cattle liver infested with fasciola species showed newly formed bile ductules with inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis associated with hyperplasia in the lining epithelium with polyps formation as well as the portal area showed severe fibrosis with inflammatory cells infiltration in both fasciola species lesions.<br /> Regarding PCR technique, the using of Eael restriction endonuclease enzyme as a genetic marker for F.hepatica is greatly effective when the enzyme uniquely fragmented the SrRNA gene into two bands. That means PCR could help to evaluate the relative zoonotic potential of <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> and <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>, especially in those regions, which have huge increases in the incidence of human fascioliasis in recent years.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95678_e822f59d3a56d53b67cc9873ec67ef85.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Immunological And Biochemical Changes In Draft Horses Naturally Infested With Gastrointestinal Nematodes With Trail Of Treatment With Fenbendazole In Sharkia Governorate9179567910.21608/zvjz.2013.95679ENNasrSSParasitology departments, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchesNeesren AShawkyBiochemistry departments, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchesAly SalahABSBiochemistry departments.
Animal Health Research Institute, Kafer El-Sheikh BranchesHussenE MBiochemistry departments, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchesJournal Article20200614This study is done to clarify some adverse effects of gastrointestinal nematodes on immunological and biochemical status of draft horses and modulating by fenbendazol. Parasitological examination of 50 faecal samples revealed presence of gastrointestinal nematodes eggs in 38 (76%), horses distributed according to age {1- 4years 13 (34.21%), > 4-10 years 10 (26.32%)}, the type of infestations were single 12(31.58 %) or mixed 26 (68.42%). The single infestation were <em>Strongylus spp < /em> 6 (15.79 %), <em>Parascaris equorum</em>, 4 (10.53 %), <em>Oxyuris equorum</em> 2(5.26%) while mixed infestation were <em>Strongylus spp </em>with<em> Parascaris equorum</em> 7 (18.42%), <em>Parascaris equorum </em>with<em> Oxyuris equorum</em> 5(13.16 %) and <em>Strongylus spp </em>with<em> Parascaris equorum </em>with<em> Oxyuris equorum</em> 14 (36.84%)}. The treatment with Fenbendazole revealed 100% reduction in egg count/gm on day 9 post treatment.<br /> Gastrointestinal nematodes induce leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis insignificant rise in lymphocytes, γ, β, total globulin beside insignificant decrease in α globulin and A/G ratio coupled with significant rise in AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and significant reduction in T.protein, albumin, ALP, trace elements (selenium, copper, iron and zinc) compared with healthy horse.<br /> The present study revealed that fenbendazole had a non significant effect on total and differential leukocytic count and biochemical parameters in healthy draft horses.<br /> In conclusion, the present study showed that gastrointestinal nematodes induce some adverse effects on immune status and biochemical parameters. Those effects were returned to the normal levels at 15 days post treatment with fenbendazole.</em>https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95679_e92575ec81a21832e2ef84150c707a17.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601A Trial For Developing Of Inactivated Pneumo-4 Vaccine By Using Of An Immunostimulatory Complex (ISCOM)18309568010.21608/zvjz.2013.95680ENAbdel-HadyMKVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.GhattasWMVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.Abd El-RazekBAVeterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200614The current study was conducted for the developing the vaccinal product with patent name, Pneumo-4, a combined inactivated respiratory virus vaccine adjuvanted with al- hydragel using immunestimulatory complex (ISCOM) in the form of Quill-A saponin.<br /> This study was performed by preparation of three formulae of Pneumo-4 vaccine (adjuvented with Al-hydra-gel) and pneumo-s (adjuvented with Quill-A saponin only) while the third was Pneumo-s gel. (adjuvented with Al-hydra-gel incorporated with Quill-A saponin).<br /> For evaluation of the prepared vaccine formulae, testing of purity, safety as well as potency and using of laboratory animals and apparently healthy calves.<br /> This study proved that the three formulae of the prepared vaccines were pure and fully safe to be used in calves without any local or systemic post vaccinal reaction.<br /> Serological investigation using serum neutralization test and ELISA revealed that the vaccinated calves developed serum neutralizing antibody against all fractions of the prepared vaccine. This study proved that the prepared formulae of vaccines (Pneumo-s gel) giving a long lasting duration of immunity extends up to 30 weeks post vaccination and higher than of the locally produced pneumo-4 vaccine which giving up to 24 weeks only.<br /> The best of choice is the vaccine formulae, which contains Al-hydra-gel participated with Quill-A saponin, as it is a balanced formulae and being pure, fully safe and highly potent and is recommended for field application for bovine.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95680_da8765557538ace4ec4fd35e69dc5b56.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Effects Of Dietary Application Of Two Antagonistic Gut-Isolated Bacillus Species On The Immune Response Of Oreochromis niloticus To Aeromonas hydrophila Infection31399568110.21608/zvjz.2013.95681ENZMEl-BouhyDept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, EgyptGAEl-NobiDept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, EgyptMEHassaninDept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, EgyptMAEl-HadyDept. of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig
University, EgyptJournal Article20200614Two <em>Bacillus </em>species isolates (B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>),showed <em>in-vitro</em> antagonistic activity against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> isolated from the intestinal tract of apparently healthy <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Both antagonistic isolates were identified as <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> and<em> Bacillus cereus</em><strong>/</strong><em>thuringiensis,</em> respectively by using Biolog’s microbial identification system<em>,</em> and they were evaluated to be safe to<em> O. niloticus</em> when inoculated intra-peritoneal (I/P). Feeding experiments were carried out <em>in-vivo</em> to investigate the effect of both antagonistic isolates (1 X 10<sup>7 </sup>CFU/g diet) either alone or combined on fish immune response and resistance to<em> A. hydrophila</em> infection. Immunological parameters (phagocytic, lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities) were evaluated as well as a challenge test using pathogenic <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Results revealed that, antagonistic Bacillusisolates either alone or combined triggered significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in phagocytic, lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities; with the highest values in fish received a mixture of both antagonistic isolates. Survival of <em>A. hydrophila</em> challenged fish was highest in fish fed on both antagonistic isolates, followed by <em>B. cereus</em><strong>/</strong><em>thuringiensis</em>, and then<em> B. licheniformis</em> fed fish.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95681_7f2014fd4ec21549f110db63a00dde5c.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Effect of Propolis, Florfenicol, And Their Combination On Catfish (Clariaz Lazera) Experimentally Infected With Aeromonas hydrophila40509568210.21608/zvjz.2013.95682ENSawsan M AEl-SheikhDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityHosny A EIbrahimDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityRefaat KMohamedDepartment of Pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchDalia I MIbrahimDepartment of Pharmacology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchJournal Article20200614The aim of the present study was to compare some biochemical and haematological effects of propolis, florfenicol and their combination against experimentally infected Nile catfish <em>(Clariaz Lazera)</em> with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. One hundred and twenty five Nile catfish were randomly classified into five equal groups each of 25 fish. Fish in group 1 were fed on basal diet (negative control). Fish in group 2 were inoculated intraperitoneally (I/P) with 0.2 ml of 24 hr broth cultures of <em>A. hydrophila</em> (2.5×10<sup>8</sup> / ml) and kept without medication (positive control). Fish in group 3 were experimentally infected similarly, and were given the basal diet, containing propolis-ethanolic-extract (10 gm /kg diet). Group 4 were experimentally infected similarly, and treated with florfenicol (10 mg /kg body weight in feed). Group 5 were experimentally infected similarly, and treated with therapeutic dose of propolis plus florfenicol for 10 successive days. Two blood samples were taken from each fish on 1<sup>st</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> days post treatment. The findings of this study demonstrated that administration of propolis plus florfenicol improved the haematological and biochemical parameters of infected fish with <em>A. hydrophila</em> compared with administration of propolis or florfenicol alone.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95682_8836747ccf5da98a05f3604cdafb0ca0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Clinicopathological Studies on Effect of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride on Heart of Rats51699568310.21608/zvjz.2013.95683ENAmany A MAbd-AllahClin.Path.Dept.,Fac.Vet.Med., Zagazig Univ.Hager T HIsmailClin.Path.Dept.,Fac.Vet.Med., Zagazig Univ.Journal Article20200614The present work was performed to study the anticancer effect of Doxorubicin HCl and Propolis and their combination in the treatment of mammary cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea beside the ameliorating effect of Propolis against cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin HCl using the clinicopathological changes.<br /> One hundred and twenty five female white rats (two months old and 100 gm body weight) were divided into 5 equal groups .Starting of experiment by induction of carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) into gps. 2-5 while rats kept as control in gp.1.After incidence of mammary tumor in gps. 2-5 begin the treatment which continue for 69 days. Rats were given carcinogen only, Doxorubicin HCl, Propolis and combination of therapeutic dose from Doxorubicin HCl and Propolis in gps. 2,3,4 and 5 ,respectively. Blood samples were collected after 120 days from carcinogen induction, thirty and seventy days post-treatment.<br /> Gp. 3, showed increasing serum CK and LDH activities and cardiac (MDA) assay in addition to decrease cardiac (CAT) and (SOD) activities thirty and seventy days post-treatment. Those changes were appeared in gp. 5 but to lesser degree.<br /> Gp. 4, showed improvement of the previous parameters. Gp. 2 , showed some changes in these parameters.CA 15.3 showed best value in gps. 3 and 5 especially seventy days post-treatment.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95683_e0b26805f2b0e52212ffb288b467a501.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Isolation And Identification of Vibrio parahemolyticus Recovered From Some Shellfish Marketed In Zagazig City70759568410.21608/zvjz.2013.95684ENIman IASuelamAcademic Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityAmal RARaslanAcademic Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityMohamed EMMohamedDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20200614The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> in shellfish and to assess the genomic diversity within <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> strains isolate using ERIC-PCR technique. A total of 130 samples of shellfish were collected from fish markets, Zagazig city included white shrimps (40); blue crabs (40) and mussels (50).<em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological methods.ERIC-PCR was carried out for a total of 9 <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> clones, representing white shrimp, blue crab and mussels (3 each).<em>V. parahaemolyticus </em>were isolated with the percentages of 17.5(7/40), 12.5(5/40) and 16.0(8/50), respectively. The overall percentage of the examined shellfish was 15.4(20/130).Overall, the ERIC-PCR results showed 6 separate clusters at similarity level 0.53. Isolates No 4, 2, 5, 3 grouped together (group I). Isolates No 1, 8, 9, 7 and 6 each clustered in their own groups (II, III, IV, V and VI, respectively). In addition, there is sub-clustering with group I at similarity level 0.66<strong>. </strong>The amplified bands were analyzed by dendrogram using Dice correlation coefficient. The phylogenetic analysis of tested strains exhibits high amount of heterogeneity.It could be concluded from the present study that <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> are circulating among the marketed shellfish in Zagazig city. Variable <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> clones indicate different sources of contamination and infections under the research conditions.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95684_9bc144014a828fef40439a67bc270ed2.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Bacteriological And Pathological Studies on Pneumonia in Lambs with Special references to inflammatory markers76879568510.21608/zvjz.2013.95685ENTharwatI ADepartment of Pathology,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Provincial LaboratoryMFAlkabbanyDepartment of Biochemistry
and Toxicology,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Provincial LaboratoryAbeerMADepartment of Microbiology,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Provincial LaboratoryJournal Article20200614This study was carried out to study the most common bacterial causes of pneumonia in lambs in certain farms in Zagazig city, Sharkia Province, to evaluate the acute Phase Proteins as inflammatory markers and the most obvious pathological changes in lungs and bronchi. In this study,50 lambs were used, (aged3-6 months),divided into two groups.Gp1(25 healthy lambs) and Gp2 (25Pneumonic lambs).Nasopharyngeal swabs and two blood samples from each lamb were taken for bacteriological examination and biochemical analysis to determine serum total proteins, albumin, C Reactive Proteins (CRP), Haptoglobin (Hp), and Plasma Fibrinogen (PF). Specimens were taken from lungs and bronchi of lambs in Gp2for histopathological study. The obtained results revealed that <em>E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella hemolytica</em> are the main common causes of pneumonia in lambs. A significant increase in CRP, Hp and PF levels in pneumonic lambs, also, an increase in serum total proteins supplemented with a decrease in serum albumin in pneumonic lambs. Lungs of pneumonic lambs showed severe congestion and thrombosis of pulmonary blood vessels. Thickening of interlobular septa, emphysema associated with consolidated areas in addition to suppurative and fibrinous pneumonia were seen.<br /> From this study, it can be concluded that ,<em> E.coli, S.aureus and P. hemolytica</em> are the common causes of bacterial pneumonia in certain farms in Zagazig city. The inflammatory markers are indicative of inflammation; lungs were suffering from Fibrinous and Suppurative pneumonia leading to high mortality in lambs in this study.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95685_12c9adbdb77feae92156dd9edd5a2396.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Histological and Ultrastructural Study on the Meibomian Gland of Camel (Camelus dromedarius)881069568610.21608/zvjz.2013.95686ENA.MBalahHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptW.AAbd El-RaheemHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptA.M.El-BazHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptNesma I.El-naseeryHistology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20200614The health and integrity of the ocular surface is dependent mainly on the meibomian glands (MGs). The MGs are lipid producing holocrine glands embedded within the tarsal plate of both the upper and lower eyelids in most animals. It is well known that the camel's eyelids are devoid of MGs. Our goals of this study is to reveal the existence of MGs in the mature male camel and try to describe its structural and ultrastructural features and correlate the obtained data with its function. The present study was conducted on 10 MGs of mature male camels. The MGs were characterized, fixed, processed and 5µm paraffin sections were prepared and stained with different stains. Other MGs of 1mm³ thick were fixed by Glutaraldehyde and processed for transmission electron microscope. Ultrathin sections were cut and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Macroscopically,it was an extrapalpebral gland and located in the inferior aspect of the eye with fine hairs on the palpebra tertia surface. Histologically, the MG was simple branched multilobular acinar glands that was surrounded by dense collagenous connective tissue (C.T.)..They were lined with multiple layers lipid-laden foamy meibocytes.Ultrastructurally, four types of acinar cells were observed: basal cells, moderately differentiated, fully-differentiated and degenerated meibocytes. The nuclei were flat in basal cells, discoid in moderately differentiated meibocytes, partially indented from one side by meibomian secretory vesicles(SVs) in fully-differentiated meibocytes and irregular outline with obvious indentation then fragmented in degenerated meibocytes. The moderately differentiated meibocytes were characterized by many electron dense mitochondria, and various forms of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) which appeared as either grid lattice or parallel cisternae.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The mature male camel has MGs. It was an extrapalpebral gland and located in the inferior aspect of the eye. It was a large sebaecous gland. The structural characteristics of MGs might reflect their important physiological role in the tear film secretion and maintenance of healthy and integral ocular surface.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95686_4cace6805d73a90cdfe4681ce1692956.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Bacteriological and Biochemical Studies on Pekin Duckling Infected with Pasteurella miltocida with Trial for Treatment1071169568710.21608/zvjz.2013.95687ENHHAllam(Poultry Department, Animal Health Research Institute ,Zagazig BranchesR, HZakiBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig BranchesABSAly SalahBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafer El Sheik BranchesNagwa ABaharBiochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia BranchesJournal Article20200614Samples from cloacal swabs, liver, heart, lungs, trachea, spleen and nasal exudate were collected from 150 pekin duckling aging 1-30 days (75 apparentaly healthy 35 diseased and 40 freshly dead) for bacteriological examination. Out of 150 examined sample 43 (28.67 %) were positive for <em>Pasturalla milt</em>ocida. <em>P. miltocida</em> distributed as 5 from apparentally healthy, 13 from diseased and 25 from dead duckling. Antibiogram study of isolates revealed that florfenicol was the highest drug effective against <em>P. milt</em> .<br /> A total of 160, one day old pekin duckling (80 healthy & 80 experimantally infected with<em> P miltocida</em>.) were divided into 4 equal groups ( 40 birds each), the 1<sup>st</sup> group consisted of healthy duckling (control), the 2<sup>nd</sup> group inculded healthy duckling treated with florfenicol (30mg/kg bwt.) in drinking water for 5 days, the 3<sup>rd</sup> group inculded infected non treated and the 4<sup>th</sup> group inculded infected duckling treated with florfenicol (same dose, period and rout of administration). In the four groups the hemato-biochemical changes were studied.<br /> The results revealed that healthy pekin duckling treated with florfenicol displayed significant rise in body weight, leukocytic count, lymphocytes, significant decrease in heterophils and insignificant increase in monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, total proteins, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid and creatinine.<br /> Pasteurellosis in duckling induce anorexia depression, ruffled feather, coughing, diarrhea, mortality rate 30%, rise respiratory rate, monocytes, total, β, γ globulin, AST, ALP, uric acid, creatinine levels and significant decrease in weight gain, heterophils, albumin, α globulin, A/G ratio, insignificant decrease in leukocyte, lymphocyts, esinophils, total protein and insignificant rise ALT<br /> Florofenicol residue in examined liver and kidney in both healthy and diseased duckling treated with florofenicol were high at 1<sup>st</sup> day post treatment, very low at 6<sup>th</sup> day and completely disappeared from examined samples at 9<sup>th</sup> day post treatment The highest levels of florofenicol residues were recorded in the kidneys then liver.<br /> Duckling suffering from pasteurlosis and treated with florfenicol showed no clinical signs, decrease mortality rate to 5%, reduced re-isolated P. milt and Improve hemato-biochemical parameters.<br /> It could be concluded that florfenicol is effective against <em>P. miltocida</em> in ducklinghttps://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95687_8967ecfe1978443e523d770bf1600086.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601A Comparative Morphological Observations on the Preen (Uropygial) Glands of Geese, Ducks and Young Pigeons1171399568810.21608/zvjz.2013.95688ENNora Abdulaziz SalehALjalaudDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Dammam
Saudi Arabia KingdomJournal Article20200614The uropygial gland in birds; is an organ located on the back near the base of the tail. It is more important for aquatic birds, but why it is so important for other birds? and what is the nature of its secretion?<br /> Twenty male domestic geese (<em>Anser anser domesticus</em> )of one year old , twenty male Muscovy ducks<em> (Black Magpie</em>)of one year old and twenty five male young pigeons (<em>Columba livia domestica</em>) of 6 weeks old were used through this study.<br /> The results indicated that in ducks and geese the gland secretes glycolipids, but only oily secretion. in young pigeons. According to mode of secretion, the glands of all 3 species were of holocrine mode of secretion in young pigeons there was a central lumen leading to one excretory duct opening on a small papilla for each of the two lobes which are not divergent. In ducks and geese, the two lobes were diverged, each having one collecting sinus leading to one excretory duct for each lobe opening on a small papilla in ducks but it was broader in geese. The capsule of the gland was thicker in geese and ducks but the least in young pigeons.<br /> The cells of the secretory tubules are arranged in 4 zones for the three species. The secretory cells had more characteristic cells in geese than in ducks. The mast cells were more evinced in ducks and geese but were fewer in young pigeons. The average glandular weight was in geese 8.50 +0.22 gm for 3 Kg body weight, lesser in ducks, 7.00 +0.20 gm for 3 Kg body weight but the least in young pigeons (0.27+ 0.02gm) for 350 gm body weight. <br /> The tissues stain ability for lipids by oil red O was at the same degree in the three studied species.<br /> <strong> </strong>https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95688_11a443bb0a87b4bccc8597f0c2226950.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Occurrence of Enterotoxigenic S. aureus in Half-Cooked Chicken Products.1401519568910.21608/zvjz.2013.95689ENEman MFaridShebeen Elqaom Branch and Animal Health Institute,Dokii (Bacteriology Department)Dalia ASalimShebeen Elqaom Branch and Animal Health Institute,Dokii (Bacteriology Department)Amany NDapghShebeen Elqaom Branch and Animal Health Institute,Dokii (Bacteriology Department)Journal Article20200614Sixty samples of half- cooked chicken (chicken wings, chicken drumsticks and chicken pane) (20 each) were collected from Menofia governorate and were examined for the incidence of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>and their enterotoxins. The percentage of positive samples for <em>S.aureus</em> was 40%, 40% and 25% with mean count0.4X10<sup>2 </sup>±0.15X10<sup>2 </sup>, 0.28X10<sup>2 </sup>±0.2X 10<sup>2 </sup>and 0.19X10<sup>2 </sup>±0.2X10<sup>2</sup> for chicken wings, chicken drumsticks and chicken panes, respectively.. All isolated strains of <em>S.aureus</em>showed positive Catalase, Coagulase and Mannitol Fermentation test and 100% of isolates had hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar and 9.52% had hemolytic activity on human blood agar. The incidence of enterotoxin A produced by <em>S.aureus</em>was 50% and 37.5% in chicken wings and chicken drumsticks, respectively.<br /> <br /> https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95689_5d60d4cc13ffa1d0fb073af14a887980.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Tulathromycin in Buffalo Calves1521619569010.21608/zvjz.2013.95690ENRHZakiBiochemistry Department,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Sharkia, EgyptSoadMekawyClinical Pathology Department,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Sharkia, EgyptEmanM ZClinical Pathology Department,
Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Branch, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20200614The response of pneumonic buffalo calves to therapy with tulathromycin was evaluated in a private farm in Zagazig city, SharkiaProvince. A total number of 16 calve 3-9 months old (11clinically healthy calves and 5 pneumonic calves) were used in this investigation. Ten buffalo calves were classified into 2 equal groups each of 5 calves, 1<sup>st </sup>group were healthy calves (control group) and 2<sup>nd</sup> group calves were suffered from pneumonia treated with tulathromycin. Blood samples were collected for stydying the effect of tulathromycin treatment on biochemical parameters of pneumonic calves. Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin were studied after single dose I/V, I/M and S/C injection. Six apparently healthy buffalo calves were used in a crossover design.<br /> Pneumonic calves showed significant decrease in total proteins, albumin, globulin, and significant increase in AST, ALT, total bilirubin, glucose urea and creatinine. Ca was insignificantly decreased, meanwhile Na and K were insignificantly increased. Biochemical parameters were returned to their normal levels on 15 days post treatment.<br /> After I/V injection of tulathromycin, half-lives of distribution and elimination (t<sub>0.5 (α)</sub> and t<sub>0.5 (β)</sub>), volume of distribution at steady state (Vd), and total body clearance (Cl<sub>B</sub>) were 0.17 h., 48.35 h., 4.25 L kg<sup>-1</sup>., and 0.06 L kg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Following I/M and S/C tulathromycin injection, maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) 0.33 and 0.31ug ml<sup>-1</sup> were achieved at a maximum times (t<sub>max</sub>) 1.12 and 1.23h., respectively. The mean values for absorption and elimination half-lives (t<sub>0.5(ab) </sub>and t<sub>0.5(el)</sub>) and MRT were 0.14 and 0.16 h., 68.93 and 65.87 h., 99.56and 95.17h respectively. The I/M and S/C bioavailabilities were 82.8 and 71.9% respecti- vely. Result of <em>in-vitro </em>protein-binding study indicated that 38.9% of tulathromycin was bound to calves serum proteins.<br /> It could be concluded that treatment by tulathromycin induce disappepearance of the clinical signs of pneumonia in buffalo calves and biochemical parameters returned to their normal levels.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95690_388b80b1cedad4ea1d42fd701ec8de67.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Combined Antimicrobial Effects against Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Broilers1621679569110.21608/zvjz.2013.95691ENAdel Attia MohamedAhmedDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Ahmed Mahmoud AhmedHamoudaDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Gamal Abd- ElMoneimElmowalidDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Mohammed FouadFawzyDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Journal Article20200614Developed multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) in the field of poultry industry lead to the wide use of combined antimicrobials against enterobactericeae infections. This study deal with benefit drug interactions for use in broiler industry. A total of 75 samples were collected from visceral organs of diseased broilers. Fivty isolates of enterobactericeae were recovered and biotyped as 32 <em>E. coli</em>, 12 <em>Salmonellae</em> and 6 <em>Klebsiellae</em>. Antibiogram revealed frequent sensitivity to colistin, cefotaxime and gentamycin. Meanwhile, all isolates were resistant to erythromycin and <em>Nigella sativa</em> oil. The isolates with intermediate sensitivity to any of the tested antimicrobial were examined for combined interactions of synergism. Fractional inhibitory concentration of two combined antimicrobials was detected. There was synergism between colistin with floriphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycyclins and amoxicillin. In addition, to synergism between gentamycin with cefotaxime, doxycyclin and erythromycin. Fractional inhibitory concentration of two anti-microbials with synergism was less than 0.50. <em>Nigella sativa</em> oil showed no synergism with any one the tested antimicrobials. It could be concluded that MDR enterobacteria with resistance to all antimicrobials could be susceptible to several of two combined antimicrobials.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95691_2f7805c03f2425b2a478273b370ae42d.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Studies on Biocoating Oral Immunization of Oreochromis niliticus Fingerlings with Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin1681789569210.21608/zvjz.2013.95692ENAhmed M.Abdel-WahabCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agriculture Research CenterJournal Article20200614Oral vaccination is a very easy vaccine administration method with no stress to the immunized fish but it should be in formulation protect antigen containing from inactivation or digestion during passage through foregut and hindgut. In the present study artemia nauplii was used as bio-encapsulation for <em>Aeromonas hydrophila </em>bacterin to immunize tilapia fingerling via oral route comparing with immersion and intra-peritoneum routes. The relative percent of survival in tilapia groups vaccinated by oral, immersion and intra-peritoneum routes was 92.68%, 81.4%and87.5%respectively. The humoral immune response of immunized fish was investigated by micro titre agglutination test showed end point 400, 400 and 800 for oral, immersion and intra-peritoneum routes. And investigated by hemagglutination inhibition test that showed end point 128, 128 and 256 respectively. Also, immune response was measured by ELISA that showed similarly optic density between oral and immersion immunization routes. In conclusion, the current trial for fish vaccination showed that the coated oral vaccine can be effectively used in diseases prevention programs.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95692_bf91ae02d0b5c17e7bd59ffc46f13228.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Modulatory Role of Pre- And Post- Treatment of Spirulina platensis on Mitomycin C Drug Induced Genotoxicity and Pathological Changes in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mature Female Swiss Albino Mice1791919569310.21608/zvjz.2013.95693ENMagdy FAbou-El FotohForensic Medicine and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityNabela IEl-SharkawyForensic Medicine and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySamahKhalilForensic Medicine and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityMona MAhmedForensic Medicine and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20200614Mitomycin C (MMC) is a potent antitumor agent used against many cancers. It has a clastogenic and aneugenic effects. The protective effect of pre- and post- addition of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> (Sp) to the diet on MMC induced genotoxic effect and histopathological changes were evaluated in Erlich Acites Carcinoma Cell (EAC) bearing mature female Swiss albino mice. The sixty EAC bearing female albino mice weighted 30-40 gm were observed along the experimental period and classified into six equal groups. The first kept as negative control fed on Sp powder free diet. the second kept as control positive fed on Sp powder 1% in their diet 3 weeks before tumor induction (Sp1), the third group fed on Sp powder 1% 3 weeks pre and one week post – tumor induction (Sp1+Sp2), while the fourth group intraperitonealy (i.p) injected with MMC (1mg/kg b.wt) on the third day post tumor induction and for 7 consecutive days, while the fifth group fed on Sp1 in diet for 24 days before MMC injection (Sp1+MMC) and the six group fed on Sp1 for 24 days pre- and 7 days post MMC injection (Sp1+MMC+Sp2) as the same previous dose and manner. The end of experimental period, 7 days from MMC injection, 3 animals from each group were sacrificed after 90 minutes from I.M injection of colchicine. MMC exhibited a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated (MN) erythrocytes concomitant with several chromosomal aberrations and multiple histopathological changes in the bone marrow, liver and kidney. Pre- and post- treatment with Sp showed potent anticlastogenic effect, regeneration of liver and kidney with restoration of bone marrow to the normal state. It can be concluded that Sp can minimize and mitigate the side effects of MMC on the normal cells and tissues of the body, so it can be pre- or post- treatment with MMC chemotherapy. https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95693_93748742d51d07dfc1e86d2609edd610.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Characterization of Extended Spectrum β- Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae1922029569410.21608/zvjz.2013.95694ENAMAtiaBacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySalwaMMBacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20200614Antibiotic microbial resistance is a major health problem worldwide in both humans and animals, specifically, <em>E. coli</em> producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). In the present study, <em>E. coli</em> was isolated from human; broiler; and calves samples, and then the isolates were biotyped. To determine <em>E. coli</em> antibiotic sensitivity pattern, isolates were subjected to antibiogram. Consequently, seven of the multi-drug resistant isolate were randomly selected and subjected to polymerase chain reaction to detect ESBL. The isolates showed high degree of resistance to beta-lactame antibiotics. Among the seven isolates, four isolates were TEM enzyme producer; 3 isolates were SHV producers; and another 3isolates were CTX-M producers. Point mutation was detected at different positions in TEM, SHV, and CTX genes as detected by DNA sequencing which releaved point mutation in TEM gens at position number (89,90,114,115,116,135,485,1077 and1078) while SHV gens at position number (114,237.643and 635) and CTX-M gens at position number (364,382,383,707,708,736,737,286 and287), in isolates of human, claves and broilers. It could be conclude that the major reason behind <em>E. coli</em> antibiotic resistance is the production of ESBL and that genes undergo mutation at different sites in different species.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95694_6e672e83daf250f5ab30c3aea3fe3a24.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Pathological Studies on Danofloxacin and Tilmicosin used for Treatment of Chronic respiratory Diseases in chicks2032179569510.21608/zvjz.2013.95695ENMoustafa SAbou El-FetouhPathology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityMohamed HMohamedPathology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityNahla AG AhmedRefatPathology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityNora MElseddawyPathology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20200614Seventy of commercial broiler chicks of 2 week old ages were used to study the efficiency of either or both Danofloxacin and Tilmicosin in experimental chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) infection. The latter was induced by simultaneous infection of both <em>mycoplsama gallisepticum</em> with <em>E.coli.</em> Experimental groups divided into 7 groups (Gps) of 10 chicks. Gp. 1 was left without treatment, gp. 2 was orally given 2 ml distilled water, gp. 3 received 0.1ml/kg B.wt danofloxacin, gp. 4 received 1.2 ml/kg B.wt from tilmicosin and gp. 5 were inoculated with 0.2 ml inoculum of both <em>mycoplasma gallisepticum</em> (MG) and <em>E.coli</em> (O78) intra-tracheally route. Meanwhile Gp .6 and 7 were the experimental groups where the infected chicks received 0.1ml/kg B.wt danofloxacin and 1.2 from tilmicosin orally for five consecutive days after the clinical signs appeared by 24 h respectively. Necropsy was performed weekly; clinical signs and gross lesions were recorded. Specimens from liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, air sac, brain, spleen, bursa of fabricus were collected from all the necropsied chicks. In gp.5, the main clinical signs were severe depression, anorexia and respiratory signs, while macroscopically were septicemic lesions were seen 1 and 2 weeks post inoculation (PI) together with fibrinous perihepatitis, pericarditis and airsacuilitis. Microscopically, the liver showed several areas of central cavitations surrounded with a zone of coagulative necrosis with perihepatitis represented by thickening in the hepatic capsule by fibrinous exudates and leukocytes infiltrations. The heart showed thickened pericardium with serofibrinous exudate entrapping macrophages, lymphocytes and few heterophils.<strong> </strong>The trachea showed focal areas of necrosis or ulceration with extensive replacement of the mucosa with leukocytes.The lungs revealed more serious lesions which represented by severe bronchitis and focal pneumonia.The air sacsshowed heterophils and mononuclear cells infiltrations, particularly at the first 2 weeks. The spleen showed necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes from white pulp. Meanwhile in gp 6, the danofloxacin were alleviated the severity of the lesions and in gp. 7 tilmicosin complete absent of the lesions.https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_95695_0ffd557c27a711b29545b968f2b3dbd4.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601Clinicopathological Studies on Broiler Exposed to High Environmental Temperature2182299569610.21608/zvjz.2013.95696ENFakhry SSalemClinical Pathology Department , Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversityAmany AMAbd AllahClinical Pathology Department , Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySahar SAbd El-HamiedClinical Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ZagazigDoaa I AMostafaClinical Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ZagazigJournal Article20200614The present study was performed to investigate the clinicopathological changes associated with exposure to heat stress in chickens. One hundred Hubbard chickens were used in this study. Experimental chicks were divided into five equal groups each containing 20 chickens. The first gp. chickens were kept as negative control (non treated non heat treated), gp. 2 chickens were exposed to 42±1°C for 3 hrs. with RH. 45-60% at 45 days old, gp. 3 chickens were administrated with No Heat-S with a dose 1 gm/liter in drinking water 24hrs. before heat exposure and exposed to 42±1°C for 3hrs with RH. 45-60%. at 45 days old, gp. 4 chickens were exposed to 39±1°C for 6 hrs. for 3 successive days with RH. 45-60% at 43, 44 and 45 days old while gp. 5 chickens were administrated with No Heat-S with a dose 1 gm/liter in drinking 24hrs. before heat exposure and exposed to 39±1°C for 6 hrs. for 3 successive days with RH. 45-60%. at 43, 44 and 45 days old.<br /> Blood gases, acid/base balance and electrolytes revealed respiratory alkalosis and hyper capnia in heat treated chickens with disturbance in electrolyte immediately after exposure. After 12 hrs., the alkalosis persisted in acute heat treated group only with increase the bicarbonate level in all groups. Hypo capnia occur in all heat treated gps. The hyper kalemia disappeared. After 36 hrs., no changes in blood PH and blood gases were persisted. <br /> Regarding the biochemical changes, Serum and liver ascorbic acid decreased significantly in case of acute and chronic non treated groups retuned to normal levels 36 after exposure. Serum AST and CK activities were significantly increased in birds exposed to acute and chronic heat exposure which persisted 12 hrs. after exposure and returned to normal 36 hrs. after exposure, hyperuricemia, hypocalcimia and increased creatinine level occurred in birds exposed to acute and chronic heat exposure which persisted 12 hrs. past exposure and returned to normal 36 hrs. after exposure. Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145841220130601The Effect of Melissa officinalis and Thymus vulgaris on Performance Parameters, Haematological Traits and Lipid Oxidation of Oreochromios Niloticus2302399569710.21608/zvjz.2013.95697ENR ElMahmoudDept. of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityWafaaElerakyDept. of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20200614The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis) and Thyme on growth performance, body composition, blood parameters and antioxidant of Nile tilapia fingerlings. One hundred and eighty Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromios Niloticus</em>) fingerlings were randomly divided into four groups of 45 fish each. Each treatment group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 15 fish per replicate. The groups were fed nearly isocaloric and isonitrogenus diet for 8 weeks as the following: group 1, fed control diet, group 2 fed control diet + lemon balm (2%), group 3 fed control diet + thyme (1%) and group 4 fed control diet + mixture of lemon balm (1%) and thyme (0.5%).<br /> The obtained results confirmed significant (P<0.05) improvement in fish final weight, weight gain, specific growth rates, feed utilization (feed intake and feed conversion) and protein efficiency ratio by dietary supplementation with Lemon balm and Thyme especially as mixture. These feed additives, also, significantly improved fish serum protein, globulin, cholesterol, TG, super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and liver enzymes as well as improved fish health. So, it could recommend the addition of 1% Lemon balm + 0.5% Thyme to Nile tilapia fish diet.<br />