ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Supplementation of Herbal Essential Oil Mixture to Diet of Nile Tilapia and Evaluating Growth Performance, Health Status and Intestinal Histology
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Herbal oil mixture (HEOM) on growth performance, body composition, some blood parameters and intestine histology of Nile tilapia fish fingerlings. One hundred and Eighty Nile Tilapia (Oreochromios Niloticus) fish fingerlings were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 60 fish each (negative control and Herbal oil mixture (HEOM) at two levels). Each treatment group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 20 fish per replicate. The groups fed the diet as the following, group I fed basal diet (control). Group II fed basal diet + 0.05% HEOM. Group III fed basal diet + 0.1% HEOM for 12 weeks. The obtained results confirmed the significant gradually (with increasing the feed additive level) showed improvements in fish final weight, weight gain, specific growth rates, feed utilization (feed intake and feed conversion) by increasing herbal oil mixture levels. These feed additives, also, significantly improved fish carcass composition (protein, ether extract, energy content) Total and differential leukocytic count was improved. Herbal oil mixture reduced blood Cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and liver enzymes. These additives improved intestine histology. So, it could be recommended the addition of 0.1% herbal oil mixture to Nile tilapia fish diet.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59462_fc8de5e06b2f513320f56f9d05e870e0.pdf
2014-03-01
1
10
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59462
Rania
Mahmoud
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Some studies on prevalence and effect of Thieleria infection on erythrocytes profile in camel in some localities at New-Valley, Governorate, Egypt
Theileria spp is a protozoan parasite infecting wild and domestic animals throughout the world and affect the healthy state of the infected animals. Therefore, this study was carried to evaluate the effects of natural infection of camels with Theileria spp on blood picture and efficacy of indirect fluorescent antibody technique in the diagnosis of this infection. The blood samples were collected from125 apparently healthy dromedary camels aged 1-9 years, held in some localities in New-Valley Governorate and classified into two groups according to infection, the first group is suspected clinically infected and considered as infected group (100 camels) and the remaining number (25) was clinically and laboratory healthy and considered as a control group where all of them were examined by thin blood smear, fecal examination and indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Thin blood smears revealed that 9 out of 100 camels were positive for Theileria spp in ratio of 9% while indirect fluorescent antibody technique revealed that 11out of 100 camels were positive (11%), with one sample as false negative and 3 samples as false positive. Therefore, the indirect fluorescent technique remains the most convenient test for theileria spp diagnosis in camels. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in PCV, HB, RBCs count with a significant increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC in infected group when compared with the control one. The frequency of theileriosis in camels is low and Theileria spp do not seem to induce a significant alteration in clinical signs of naturally-infected dromedary camels but by laboratory means a significant decrease in hematological parameters which translated to anemia was resulted
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59464_2eef96a375866b847a5a06675d95daf0.pdf
2014-03-01
11
18
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59464
Fathy
Osman
1
AUTHOR
MA
Nagieb
2
AUTHOR
HI
Gaadee
3
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance with AmpC- Beta-Lactamase Producing E. coli strains from Different Sources
Objectives: this study was devoted to detect the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanisms (qnr, qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr ) and its association withAmpC- Beta-lactamase production in E. coli strains from different sources. Methods: Twenty-nine E. coli isolates from food-producing animals (chicken and sheep) and their by-products, collected from Sharkia province, Egypt were tested for their susceptibilities for different antimicrobial groups. Uniplex PCR was applied using specific primer sets for screening the presence of PMQR and AmpC β –lactamases genes in strains under study. Results: Out of 29 E. coli strains, only 9 isolates were positive for qnrA gene (31.03%) and associated with the amp < /em>C β -lactamase genes ( MOX, DHA, ACC, EBC) whereas only one qnrB and qnrS-like genes (3.45 %) were detected. A qnrB gene as well as qnrS was detected in (DHA , EBC) isolate. qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in 41.38% and 3.45% of the E .coli isolates, respectively alone or in combination with qnr genes. The amp < /em>C β -lactamase genes were detected in 75.86 % of all strains and in 100% and 66.66 %of the PMQR determinant-positive and -negative strains, respectively, gave amplicons range from 302 bp to 520 bp, that easily distinguished by gel electrophoresis. Conclusions: A high prevalence of PMQR determinants among AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli isolates from chicken mainly and their by-products was detected in Egypt. Their effect may slightly increase the MIC of quinolone and may relate to the development of full resistance to quinolone.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59465_652248af4acf3b16582683777e5b5b34.pdf
2014-03-01
19
30
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59465
Norhan K
Abd El-Aziz
1
AUTHOR
Ahlam
Abd El-Aziz
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence, Detection of Marker and Virulence Genes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated form Milk and Dairy Products and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility
The present work was undertaken to study the prevalence, genetic profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw milk and dairy products in Mansoura City, Egypt. MRSA was detected in 53% (106/200) among all milk and dairy product samples with prevalence rates of 75% (30/40), 65% (26/40), 40% (16/40), 50% (20/40), and 35% (14/40) in raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream, and yoghurt samples, respectively. The mean S. aureus counts were 3.49, 3.71, 2.93, 3.40 and 3.23 log10 cfu/g in the tested raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream and yoghurt, respectively, with an overall count of 3.41 log10 cfu/g. Unexpectedly, all of the S. aureus isolates (n=414) detected were genetically verified as MRSA strains. PCR analyses verified the existence of nuc, coa, and mecA genes in all of the 414 isolates. All of the 414 MRSA isolates were also positive for hla gene. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for the 414 MRSA strains against 13 tested antimicrobials indicated that the least effective drugs were penicillin G, cloxacillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin with bacterial resistance percentages of 87.9%, 75.9%, 65.2% and 55.6% respectively, while the most effective antimicrobials against MRSA isolates were vancomycin, sulphmethazole/ trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, and gentamicin, which revealed bacterial sensitivity percentages of 76.3%, 75.45 70.1%, 69.1%, and 63.3%, respectively. Of the 414 MRSA strains tested, 348 (84.1%) were multidrug resistance. This study presents the first genetic characterization of MRSA isolated from milk and dairy products in Egypt.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59466_f519a2c57f518ade6a555de0538eba87.pdf
2014-03-01
31
40
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59466
Maha AM
Al-Ashmawy
1
AUTHOR
Khalid
Sallam
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immunopathological Studies on Ducks Experimentally Infected with Duck Virus Enteritis and Salmonella Enteritidis with Special References to the Effect of XPC Prebiotic
This research was performed to determine the pathogenesis of the Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE) and Salmonella Enteritidisseparately or combined on experimentally infected ducks and evaluating the role of XPC prebiotic in reducing these pathological changes observed on the different organs. The experiment was carried out on 80 Muscovy ducks, equally divided into 8 groups. The group (1) was kept as control. Group (2) was administered 1 ml / L from prebiotic XPC Diamond V in drinking water from the first day of age till the end of the experiment. Group (3) at 12 days of age infected intramuscularly by (1 ml/duck) Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE) homogenates previously prepared. At the same age (12days) group (4) was infected by Salmonella Enteritidis strain orally. Group (5) was infected by both Duck Virus Enteritis homogenate suspension and Salmonella Enteritidis with the same dose and 12 days age. Groups (6,7and8) were administered 1 ml / L from prebiotic XPC in drinking water from the first day of age till the end of the experiment. In the same time groups (6,7and8) infected at 12 day of age by Duck Virus Enteritis organs homogenate suspension, Salmonella Enteritidis and both, respectively with the same dose as groups (3,4 and 5). Tissue samples were collected for viral test and pathological examination when the clinical symptom of the disease appeared. Necropsy was performed and tissue specimen were collected from liver, intestine, esophagus, heart, kidneys, spleen and bursa of Fabricius and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin solution for histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination. The histopathological results revealed congestion in all blood vessels of the most infected groups together with recent thrombus in portal vein of Salmonella enteritidis infected group. Degeneration and necrosis with variable degree in addition, inflammatory cells infiltration in different organs of the infected groups were observed. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in the degenerating hepatocytes and in the intestinal epithelium in DVE infected groups. The lesions were alleviated in groups which administered XPC prebiotic and infected with Duck Virus Enteritis or Salmonella Enteritidis and both. It could be concluded that XPC prebiotic alleviated the immunological and pathological alteration induced from the experimentally infected ducks by Duck Virus Enteritis or Salmonella Enteritidis infection andboth .
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59467_f7233bd7198a2366afe16939246c81a1.pdf
2014-03-01
41
62
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59467
Zeinab M
Labib
1
AUTHOR
Hanaa A
Elsamadony
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lobna S
El Gebaly
3
AUTHOR
Aml F
Zoghbi
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trials to Detoxificate Aflatoxin Contaminated Fish Diet and its Use Safely (Residual and Histopathological Study)
This experiment aimed to measure the influence of dietary probiotics and prebiotics on aflatoxin contaminated fish diet. A total of 80 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings with an average initial body weight of about 14 g was randomly allocated to 8 aquaria Each treatment was performed in two replicates at a rate of 10 fish for each replicate. Nile tilapia fingerlings supplemented with four diets for 70 days. First group was fed on basal diet without aflatoxin or feed additives(control) , 2nd gp was fed on basal diet but contaminated with 150 ppb aflatoxin, 3rd gp was fed contaminated diet plus0.1% Rotamin and 4th group was fed contaminated diet plus0. 0.2% Power top. Histopathological results showed severe degenerative lesions in the liver of fish exposed to aflatoxin B1without feed additives, while the groups exposed to aflatoxin B1with 0.1% Rotamin or 0.2% Power top showed mostly normal liver and reduction in the aflatoxin B1 residues in fish body.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59468_84ee05b1183f31739bd30e8f9fe380d1.pdf
2014-03-01
63
73
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59468
Abeer
El-Keredy
1
AUTHOR
OA
Saker
2
AUTHOR
SM
Hejazy
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of 6 Weeks Exposure of 3.5 mT (ELF EMF) on Some Animal behaviors in White Albino Rat (Sprague Dawley) Pups
The EMF nowadays is considered as a big source of harmful effects on our life on earth. So, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) on some animal behaviors in rat pups. Laboratory animals with three different ages 2, 4, and 6 weeks were used as control and exposed groups, were placed in a Helmholtz coil electromagnetic field apparatus created for 1 hour and exposure to a 3.5mT, 50Hz. The results showed that exposure of a 50 Hz, 3.5mT electromagnetic field for 1h, has fluctuated effects on some animal behaviors like (activity, inactivity, motion, response to sound, and light, eating, and redness of limbs) in rat pups.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59470_c405541cbafb8145b5a5d421e1a76200.pdf
2014-03-01
74
80
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59470
Fathy A
Mattar
1
AUTHOR
Mohammad H
Bareedy
2
AUTHOR
, Mohamed E M
El-Dosouky
3
AUTHOR
Mervat S
Zaghloul
4
AUTHOR
Marwa S M
Mahmod
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fascioliasis in Man and Animals at Sharkia Province
A total of 600 faecal samples from different animal species (200 sheep, 200 cattle, and 200 buffaloes) were screened for the presence of Fasciola gigantica eggs at different localities, Sharkia Province, Egypt. In addition, stool samples were collected from 200 individuals at different hospital laboratories, Sharkia Province. The results revealed that F. gigantica eggs were detected in 97 (16.7%) out of 600 examined animals. The respective overall prevelance of F. gigantica eggs were 21, 15 and 12.5% in sheep, cattle and buffaloes. The prevalence of F. gigantica in females versus males were (26.09% Vs 14.11%), (20.91% Vs 7.78%) and (18.18% Vs 5.56%) in the examined sheep, cattle and buffaloes, respectively which indicate that F. gigantica was higher in female than male. The infection was higher in the age groups (0-2 years old) in examined sheep, cattle and buffaloes with a percentage of 36, 24 and 21%, respectively. The predominance of F. gigantica infection in relation to season was during winter to be 42% in sheep, 36% in cattle and 30% in buffaloes. The overall prevelance of F. gigantica infection in human was 9 (4.5%) out of 200individualsand it was detected in 7 (5.83%) out of 120 females and 2 (2.5%) out of 80 males. In relation to age groups in human, F. gigantica eggs was 9.72, 1.69 and 1.45% in age individual group of (1-15), (16-30) and ( >30) years old, respectively. The highest prevalence of F. gigantica was detected in human during winter season (14%) while in spring and autumn, it was 2% each. On the other hand, it was not detected in human' stool during summer.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59472_8e78cdecf5c29be2ef2106e41e8fc54e.pdf
2014-03-01
81
86
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59472
Mohamed NM
Ali
1
AUTHOR
Magda A
Amin
2
AUTHOR
Mohamed SM
Nada
3
AUTHOR
Rasha MM
Abou-Elez
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Using Pomegranate Peel Extract as Feed Additive on Performance, Serum Lipids and Immunity of Broiler Chicks
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation with pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L) extract (PPE) on growth performance, serum lipids profile and immunity response as serum lysozyme content in broiler chickens. A total of 90, one day old Cobb broiler chicks were used. Birds were allotted into three experimental groups; each group allotted into 3 subgroups, 10 chicks /replicate. Group I was fed on basal diet, group II was fed on basal diet supplemented with 0.05 g PPE /kg of the diet and group III basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g PPE /kg of the diet. Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. Body weight gain and FCR were calculated. After the end of the trial, 3 birds from each group were slaughtered for collection of the blood. The result of the showed no significant differences (P < 0.05) between all groups in body weight, weight gain, feed intake and FCR. Liver, heart and abdominal fat percent were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group II and group III. Total cholesterol and LDLP- cholesterol concentration in serum were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group II and group III, while HDL- cholesterol concentration were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in group II and group III, also triglycerides and VLDL- cholesterol were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group III only. Lysozyme content (µg / ml) was significant increased (P < 0.05) in group II and group III in compared to control group.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59473_49db2f0dab23934091e26f9264f88cd2.pdf
2014-03-01
87
92
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59473
pomegranate
performance
Cholesterol
lysozyme and broiler
Asmaa T
Yaseen
1
AUTHOR
Magdy El-Said H
El-Kholy
2
AUTHOR
Walaa M
Abd El-Razik
3
AUTHOR
Mohamed H
Soliman
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Digestive Enzymes on Growth Performance and Some Hematobiochemical Parameter in Pekin Duckling
The objective of this work was design to study the effect of enzymes on body weight and some blood constituent parameters in Pekin duckling. Sixty healthy pekin ducklings, unsexed one day old, ( body weight of 65.85-66.04 g) were used in this study. Ducklings were divided into three equal groups (20 each). Ducklings in the first group were fed on basal ration only (control group) but duckling in the second and third groups were fed on basal ration with 100 mg and 200 mg multienzymes / kgm ration respectively for 30 day from the 1st to the 30thday of age. All ducklings were weighed individually at start of the experiment and at 1st day post supplementation where body performance was recorded. Five ducklings were slaughtered from each group at 1st and 10th day post supplementation and blood samples were taken for hemato-biochemical analysis. Multienzyme in both doses induce improve in weight gain, feed conversion rate, significant increase in total proteins, albumin, globulin, total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides beside insignificant increase in RBCs count, Hb content, PCV%, MCHC, basophils, monocytes, glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and insignificant decrease in MCV, MCH, leucocytic count, lymphocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, uric acid and Creatinine. In conclusion, multienzyme in both doses induced improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion rate without adverse effect on hemato-biochemical parameters, therefore its better to use these enzymes in ration of duckling as growth promoters
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59474_f1ff99a30993bdddc0bc50102ebda42a.pdf
2014-03-01
93
99
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59474
Nesereen A
Shawky
1
AUTHOR
Eman S
Abd El Hamid
2
AUTHOR
Halla
Salah
3
AUTHOR
Adel E
Mostafa
4
AUTHOR
Nahad A.
Kamoura
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Some Studies on The Effect of Lead on Fertility, Some Hormone and Trace Elements in Male Rabbits
This study was designed to determine the most adverse effect of underground well water contain high level of lead on fertility, leukogram and some biochemical parameters in mature balady male rabbits. Sample from underground well water from 10thRamadanCity area and fresh tap water was examined for detection of lead level. Analysis of underground well water sample revealed presence of 0.84 ppm lead but fresh tap water had 0.12 ppm. A total of 10 mature male balady rabbits were divided into 2 equal groups (5 of each). First group mature male rabbits drink fresh tap water that contains 0.12 ppm lead (control group) and second group mature male rabbits drink underground well water contain that 0.84 ppm lead for 60 successive days. At 61th day all rabbits were slaughtered and two blood and semen samples were taken for determination of leukogram and some biochemical parameters beside evaluate semen characters. Mature male balady rabbits drink underground well water high in lead show significant leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytosis beside to significant elevation in serum lead, AST ALT ALP, GGT, total sperm abnormalities % beside a significant reduction in testosterone, T3, T4 level, iron, zinc copper, total protein, albumin, sperm number, sperm motility alive sperm, weight of (testis epididymis, seminal vesicle gland and prostate gland) and insignificant decrease in eosinophils, basophils and globulin It could be concluded that high lead underground well water induce infertility in mature male balady rabbits beside alterations in leukogram, biochemical parameters and some hormones. So, It is recommended not use underground water due to its high level of lead in rabbits farms.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59475_bbec844a92a736665b6bcd8cc3eb951f.pdf
2014-03-01
100
107
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59475
Eman S
Abd El Hamid
1
AUTHOR
Adel E,
Mostafa
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nesereen A
Shawky
3
AUTHOR
Nahad A
Kamoura
4
AUTHOR
Reham R
El Rasidy
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Organic Acids and Probiotic on broiler Performance, Some Blood Parameters and Control of E. coli
One hundred, one-day old broiler chicks were divided into four equal groups (25 each). The 1st group kept as control, non infected,, chicks in 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were experimentally infected with E coli (0.3 ml via nasal route of cultural suspension of E. coli O78 contain 3X107viable organism/ml) at 20 day of age. Chicks in 2nd, group infected with E coli only. Chicks in 3rd and 4th groups supplemented with 1ml formic acid, 1ml probiotic/ liter drinking water respectively from 1st to 35th day of age and infected with E coli. At 1st day post supplementation 5 chicks in all groups were weighted individually for calculation weight gain and feed conversion rate. Swabes from cloaca and trachea were collected from all chicks for reisolation of E coli. Study the effect of organic acids and probiotic in mortality rate. Blood samples were collected at 1st &7th day post supplementation for hemato-biochemical analysis Broiler chicks infected with E coli showed typical clinical signs of colibacelosis and mortality rate 24%, A significant reduction in body weight, lymphocytes, monocyts, eosinophils, basophils, serum total protein, albumin, total, a & g globulin and a significant rise in feed conversion rate, leukocytic count, heterophils b globulin, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid and creatinine levels. Also, beside insignificant reduction in phagocytosis, killing%, IgG, IGA and IgM were recorded. E. coli was reisolated from all infected chicks Chicks infected with E coli and supplemented with organic acid or probiotic show less clinical signs, mortality rate was 4% coupled with reduction in reisolation of E. coli associated with significant elevation in weight gain, phagocytosis, killing %, IgG, IGA, IgM, total protein, albumin, a, b and g globulin beside significant reduction in feed conversion rate and insignificant increase in leukocytic count, heterophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophils, basophils, A/G ratio, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid and creatinine. It could be concluded that the use of organic acid and probiotic reduced E. coli in digestive tract of broilers and improve body performance, immune response and some biochemical parameters.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59476_bb16b70c08cd5a56c89462b985174e43.pdf
2014-03-01
108
117
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59476
Allam H
H
1
AUTHOR
Eman S
Abd El Hamid
2
AUTHOR
Halla
Salah
3
AUTHOR
Riham M
El-Rashidy
4
AUTHOR
Adel E
M
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Studies on Fluoroquinolone Resistant Mycoplasma gallisepticum Isolates From Broiler Flocks
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is considered the most important pathogenic species causing avian Mycoplasmosis. It is sensitive to antimicrobials whose action sites are other than the bacterial cell wall, such as tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones. Resistance to fluoroquinolones is mainly due to chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistant determinig regions (QRDRs) of genes encoding the subunits of the drug’s target enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are essential for DNA replication. Our study designed for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluoroquinolones against 15 field isolates by the broth microdilution method also molecular detection of MG virulence gene (mgc2 gene) and mutation in QRDRs of Egyption fluoroquinolones resistant MG field isolates. Our results showed that two MG isolates were resistant to both veterinary-use and human-use fluoroquinolones. In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis revealed mutations in QRDR of gyrB ( Ser-437→Leu and Asp- 549→ Asn ).
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59477_5a146b20138f0864d1e1a663ad761b09.pdf
2014-03-01
118
128
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59477
Ahmed M
Ammar
1
AUTHOR
Adel M
Attia
2
AUTHOR
Norhan K
Abd El-Aziz
3
AUTHOR
Sally H
Abed El-hafyz
4
AUTHOR
Sahar A
Ouda
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Statistical Analysis of Biological Survival Data
The objective of this study is to throw the light on applications of survival analysis in veterinary and biological sciences. In veterinary sciences especially in dairy farms, there are important factors in dairy herds which have a great role in their effects on another important factor which is called days open. There are many statistical methods used to model and analyse the data under these circumstances, but here some methods of survival analysis will be used because there are two types of data in the study (complete data and incomplete or censored data). The common statistical methods cannot be used to analyse the censored data. Some methods such as Kaplan- Meier method, Log-rank method and the Cox's proportional hazard model method will be used in this study. The data were obtained from different lactation records, covering the period between 2004 and 2007. These milk records are of U.S. Holstein cows belonging to Dina farms. The result showed that based on the K-M survivorship percentiles, overall median days open of dairy cattle was at (134 days). There were a non-significant difference between seasons, and a highly significant difference between years and lactation order. The result from Cox's proportional hazard model showed that lactation order increased the chance of pregnancy. Age at calving, days in milk, and season and year of calving decreased it. The result of testing Cox's model assumptions using a Schoenfeld residuals showed no correlation between partial residuals of the variables under study and rank of days open, so the proportional hazard assumption is satisfied.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59478_0ce760f79b0b6dbbeb88890acc768f26.pdf
2014-03-01
129
139
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59478
Survival analysis
Cox proportional hazard model
Dairy cattle and Days open
Kh M
El-Bayomi
1
AUTHOR
El A
Rady
2
AUTHOR
M S
El-Tarabany
3
AUTHOR
Fatma D
Mohammed
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heat Adaptability of Growing New Zealand White rabbits under Egyptian Conditions
The present study was conducted in the private Farm at Shyrkia, Governorate, Egypt during winter and summer seasons 2013. The work aimed to study the heat adaptability of growing male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Twenty growing male (NZW) were divided into two equal and similar groups. The 1st group were subjected to mild winter climate (Temperature humidity index THI= 16.1) and the 2nd group were exposed to hot humid summer (THI= 31.1). Results revealed that daily gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency of growing NZW rabbits were affected negatively by exposure to hot climate. Respiration rate and rectal temperatureincreased (p ˂ 0.01) due to exposure to heat stress. Red blood cell (RBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin, platelets, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly decreased during hot summer. Similarly, total leucocytes, nuetrophils and lymphocytes decreased significantly. While monocytes and basophils decreased unsignificantly, esoinphils did not affected significantly by exposure to hot climate. Total; proteins (TP) glucose (Glu), albumin, globulins, A/G ratio, total lipids and cholesterol were decreased significantly, and triglycerides did not affected significantly by exposure to hot climate. Liver function including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and billrobin were decreased significantly due to heat stress exposure. Kidney functions which include creatinine and uric acid were decreased significantly due to exposure to hot climate. Activities of some blood minerals were decreased significantly as affected by heat stress i.e.; sodium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus. Activity of some blood hormonaes; cortisol, triiodothyroxine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were significantly decreased during summer season. Results suggest that exposure of growing New-Zealand white rabbits to hot environmental conditions adversely affects physiological functions as reflected by the hematological, biochemical parameters, hormonal and various immunological function. These disturbances of internal physiological status of mammals led to impairment of all activities of these mammals.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59479_d13aa7ea9a052754db17ccd28610beff.pdf
2014-03-01
140
151
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59479
AM
Abdel-Samee
1
AUTHOR
Hekmat M
Tantawy
2
AUTHOR
Rashed M
Rashed
3
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vaccination of Dicentrarchus labrax (European Sea bass) Against Vibriosis
Vibriosis is one of the most important diseases of Dicentrarchus labrax (European Sea bass). Two protective vaccines were prepared from formalized cultures of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio damsela. Relative percent survival index (RPS), lysozyme activity and nitric oxide production were detected in vaccinated fish by oral, immersion and injection routes. RPS ranged from 82.86 to 91.99 % in fish vaccinated by the two vaccines. Detectable rise of lysozyme and nitric oxide by both vaccines compared with that of control group. It could be concluded that Vibrio formalized vaccine protect against Vibriosis and enhance immune parameters. Key words: Vibriosis, Sea bass, Formalized Killed Vaccine FKV, RPS, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59480_86eabb19494220e267959258d6642719.pdf
2014-03-01
152
158
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59480
M E
Hassanin
1
AUTHOR
Z M
El-Bouhy
2
AUTHOR
Soad
A M
3
AUTHOR
Fadel
A H
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of Virulence Genes among Multidrug Resistant Salmonellae Isolated from Chickens
Multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic Salmonella species augment the frequency and severity of infection lead to treatment failure in both animals and humans. Occurrence of virulence determinant genes in MDR Salmonella species still lack and need more investigations. Therefore, this study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of MDR salmonellae and their virulence genes in diseased broiler. Thirty out of three hundred (10%) of chicken organs were infected with salmonellae. Salmonella. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Birkenhead, S. Virchow, S. Kentucky, S. Arizona and S. Montevideo represented 46.7%, 20%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 10%, 10% and 6.7% of the examined serotypes, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of all salmonella isolates revealed that all salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Meanwhile, they were resistant to erythromycin, rifamycin and amoxicillin/clavulinic acid. S. birkenhead and S. typhimurium were the most resistant phenotypes. PCR results showed fliC and sefC genes were detected in Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Furthermore, invA, hilA, stn, sop < /em>B, pefA and spvC genes with percentages 100%, 88%, 53%, 41%, 41% and 6% among examined serotypes respectively. It could be concluded that multidrug resistant salmonellae contain at least one virulence gene.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59481_c2cea08d282b75901179c3b283b7b2fe.pdf
2014-03-01
159
172
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59481
A M
Ammar
1
AUTHOR
A M
Attia
2
AUTHOR
Marwa
Abd El-Hamid
mero_micro2006@yahoo.com
3
AUTHOR
Nashwa M
Helmy
4
AUTHOR
Mona M
El-Azzouny
5
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Some Biochemical Studies on Some Blood Constituents in Rats
This study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of cucurbitacin extracts from Citrullus colocynthis in Streptozotocin-Nicotonamide (STZ-NIC) induced diabetes in rats. The diabetes was induced by single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) in citrate buffer after 15 min of I/P injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) in normal saline. After seven days of induction of diabetes, the diabetic animals were treated for further eight weeks with (100mg/kg) cucurbitacin extracts or (100mg/kg) metformin or combination of both. Blood glucose estimation was performed every week of the study. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed marked hyperglycemia all over the study period. The expression levels of GSI, insulin, GK and G6PDH were reduced. The glycated haemoglobin, ALT, AST and creatinine levels were significantly increased while the level of liver glycogen was decreased in diabetic rats. Supplementation with (100 mg/kg) cucurbitacin extracts for eight weeks significantly ameliorated the alterations in fasting blood glucose, liver glycogen, glycated haemoglobin, creatinine, ALT, AST and the expression levels of GSI, insulin, GK and G6PDH in diabetic rats. Thus, the present study suggested the potential of citrullus colocynthextract in diabetes as well as related complications.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59482_08b2c7a17fbba420156b055bd4f6fc7e.pdf
2014-03-01
173
182
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59482
Youssef M
Shehata
1
AUTHOR
Khalifa El Dawi
Ahmed
2
AUTHOR
Haytham A
Ali
3
AUTHOR
Ahmed Elsaid
Osman
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on Virulence Genes of E. coli from Different Sources and their Relation to Antibiotic Resistance Pattern
In recent years, multidrug resistant virulent strains of E. coli are implicated in broiler cases of high mortalities causing significant economic losses in poultry industry. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of E. coli isolates and to discuss the distribution of some virulence genes among multidrug resistance E. coli isolates. Bacteriological examination of 242 samples collected from different sources in Sharkia province, Egypt revealed a low recovery rate of E. coli isolates (20.2%). Serotyping of the representative E. coli isolates revealed 8 different serotypes with a dominance of O26:K60 and O114:K90 serotypes (20.4% for each one). Antimicrobial susceptiblility testing of E. coli isolates demonstrated that all the isolates were multidrug resistant and all E. coli isolates were resistant to more than 11 antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the highest resistance rates were recorded against trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin clavulanic acid and erythromycin (100%), while the least resistance rate was detected against doxycycline (51.02%). With regard to the molecular detection of some virulence (iss and pap < /em>C) and resistance genes (blaTEM and tetB) on the extracted plasmid of 11 E. coli isolates were tested. Overall, these data indicated that the dissemination of resistance is associated with genetic mobile element such as plasmids that may also carry virulence determinants.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59483_9a62050507e53351c9fd8a6dfd0f79ad.pdf
2014-03-01
183
196
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59483
E. coli
broiler
Virulence genes
MDR
plasmid
A M
Ammar
1
AUTHOR
Marwa I
Abd El-Hamid
2
AUTHOR
Samah Eid
AS
3
AUTHOR
Amal S
El Oksh
4
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Class 1 Integron-Associated Multidrug Resistance in Some Food Borne Pathogens
Spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in meat products has great impact on human health. Twenty E. coli, 10 Salmonella and 25 S. aureus isolates, recovered from 250 retail meat samples purchased from various supermarkets in Zagazig, Egypt, were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, antimicrobial resistance genes and the presence of class 1 integrons. Frequent resistance to amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and erythromycin was detected in E. coli and Salmonella. Meanwhile, S. aureus was frequently resistant to clindamycin, chloramphincol, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. 10 E. coli, 6 Salmonella and 12 S. aureus exhibited multidrug resistance phenotypes (resistant to 3 drug or more). Eight out of 25 S. aureus isolates (32%) were MDR and vancomycin resistant (VRSA) with MIC ranged from 64 to 1024 µg/ml. Van A, van H, van S and van B were implicated in isolates of the area under study. Class 1 integron was detected in 9/16 (56%) MDR isolates of E. coli and Salmonella. Nevertheless, all VRSA contains no integron. These results highlighted the role of retail meat as a potential source for multidrug-resistant E. coli, Salmonella and VRSA
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_59484_96b66c95a8c1c03f67d1582c3f556cd3.pdf
2014-03-01
197
210
10.21608/zvjz.2014.59484
AM
Ammar
1
AUTHOR
AM
Attia
2
AUTHOR
Norhan K
Abd El-Aziz
3
AUTHOR
Marwa I
Abd El-Hamid
4
AUTHOR
MG
Aggour
5
AUTHOR
Azza S
El-Demerdash
6
AUTHOR