@article { author = {Hassan, Gamal and Afifi, Samia}, title = {Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Some Locally Manufactured Dairy Desserts Sold in Beni-Suef City, Egypt and Molecular Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Genes}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {91-100}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7851}, abstract = {Seventy-five randomly collected samples of ice-cream, rice with milk and mehallabeia (25, each) from different localities in Beni-Suef city, Egypt, were bacteriologically examined. The mean values of aerobic plate, Coliforms, Fecal coliforms, E. coli, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus counts/g in the examined ice-cream samples were 7.02×105±4.93×105, 1.45×105±3.21×104, 9.58×102±4.6×102,1.35×102±66, 8.12×104±4.61×104, 1.17×104±4.59×103 and 1.51×104±9.13×103, while, in rice with milk samples they were 5.52×104±2.78×104, 3.52× 103±1.94 ×103, 1.66×102±1.56×102,4.8±3.1, 1.28×104±6.25×103, 2.38×105±1.4×105 and 6.32×102±2.96×102, respectively. In mehallabeia samples, the counts were 6.07×104 ±3.6×104, 6.59×103±2.6×103, 1.6×102±89, 9.48±8, 2.6×104±1.64×104, 3.83×105±3.27×105 and 4.89×102±3.28×102, respectively. Amplification of enterotoxigenic associated genes using multiplex PCR, showed that sea and see genes were detected in all the examined coagulase positive S. aureus isolates. In conclusion, strict hygienic measures should be followed during production and handling of milk products with health educational programs for producers and handlers.  }, keywords = {Dairy desserts,bacteriological examination,SEA,see}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7851.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7851_ddc7700c4069957c81413c7c57b6f7ae.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Badry, Seham}, title = {Determination of Ochratoxin A Residues in Some Animal and Plant Milk Products}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {101-105}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7852}, abstract = {Milk and milk products are considered major foods for all ages in humans. They represent primary sources for protein, fat and minerals. Ochratoxins are fungal secondary metabolites which are produced either due to fungal growth in many food ingredients such as cereals or in animal feed and subsequently excreted in animal by-products including milk and milk products. Ochratoxins have public health concern due to their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Thus, this study was designed to determine the residual concentrations of Ochratoxin A (OTA) using Flurometer in some marketed dairy products in Zagazig City, Egypt. The examined dairy products included pasteurized cow’s milk, dried skimmed milk, baby milk formula and wheat milk groats (Cerelac). Ochratoxin A was detected in all the examined samples with different concentrations. The results declared that all pasteurized cow’s milk samples and 80% of wheat milk groats had OTA levels which exceeded the maximum permissible limit (5 ng/g) recommended by World Health Organization. Calculation of the estimated daily intake for four age groups (babies, children, adolescents and adults) was carried out. It could be concluded that continuous screening of dairy products’ content of OTA is essential to minimize the public health hazards of such toxin.}, keywords = {Ochratoxin A,residues,Milk,Flurometer}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7852.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7852_69ba776ce900e3620f4b7b173c8404de.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sayed, El-Sayed and El-Gammal, Maie and Nassar, Samir and Nassar, Safaa}, title = {Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Changes on Exposure to Aluminum Dust}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {106-118}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7853}, abstract = {Aluminum (Al) is considered the most widely distributed element in nature especially in the earth's crust. Workers in the secondary Al industries are occupationally exposed to intense environmental Al dust. This study was carried out to assess the levels of indoor respirable Al dust in addition to the changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters of the exposed workers. An animal experiment was performed to investigate the histopathological changes on the trachea and lungs of rats exposed to Al dust to assess the risk of Al exposure among the workers. The results of this study showed that the highest respirable dust concentration was detected in the finishing department (6459.33 µg/m3) that exceeded the permissible exposure limit. While, the lowest concentrations 2182.29 and 1220.88 µg/m3 were found in casting and rolling departments, respectively. A significant decrease in RBC's count, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCHC and platelets number with significant increase in WBC's, lymphocyte counts, serum urea and creatinine level were observed in exposed workers when compared to the control group. Furthermore, rats exposed to inhalation of dust induced some histopathological changes in their trachea and lung tissues. The degree of these changes was proportional to the duration of Al dust exposure. Thus, strict enforcement of appropriate, effective preventive and control measures must be required.  }, keywords = {Aluminum,respirable dust,Risk assessment,hematology}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7853.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7853_cfd505e89cdd44238937d873691f6150.pdf} } @article { author = {Awad, Elsayed and Arafa, Adel Satar and El-Deeb, Ayman and El-Sanousi, Ahmed}, title = {Molecular Studies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Damietta Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {119-127}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7854}, abstract = {Fifty-two samples of tracheal swabs and organs were collected from broiler chickens at different districts from Damietta Governorate during December 2012 to August 2014. The samples were collected from chicken farms suffered from respiratory signs, diarrhea and high mortality. Thirty-six samples tested positive for IBV infection when screened by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Seven of them were subjected for further isolation and characterization of the virus. The seven selected IBV isolates were propagated in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and were confirmed using PCR amplification of the partial sequence of the S1 spike gene. The amplified products were sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis was performed. The seven IBV viruses were closely related to each other with 94-100% nucleotide identity and clustered within the same group with IBV/Eg/CLEVB-2/IBV/012 and Eg/12120s/2012 strains (variant 2-like strain), while their identity with the vaccinal strains used in Egypt was ranged from 67-91%, particularly D274 (89%-91%). These results indicated the complexity of IBV control in relation to the current vaccination programs in Damietta.  }, keywords = {Infectious bronchitis virus,RT-PCR,Sp1 gene,Phylogenetic analysis}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7854.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7854_db76b16072997a8136952e2cfdc045ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Abdelmoneim and Hafez, Magdi and Ahmed, Bakr and Hasanin, Shaker and Algabri, Naif and Sheire, Hamdi}, title = {Pathological and Molecular Investigations on Foot and Mouth Virus Outbreaks Among Cattle Herds in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {128-137}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7855}, abstract = {The present study represents an extensive field survey of the pathological affections caused by local Food and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus throughout Dakahlia governorate, North Egypt. The study included 670 cattle belonging to local and Frisian breeds. The age of the examined animals ranged from ten days to four years and they were of both sexes. The morbidity rates among the investigated cattle herds of either Frisian or native origin were 100% and 5% respectively. We observed early mortality in infected calves aging ten days old and older calves.  This was concurrently associated with lesions of severe myocarditis which appeared to be responsible for the death. On the other hand, adult cattle showed vesicular lesions, erosions and ulcers on the mucous membrane of the mouth and skin on the feet and udder. In addition, fever, anorexia, and pstyalism were observed. Histopathological examination of both young calves and adult cattle revealed multitude of inflammatory and necrotic lesions in the myocardium, liver, lung, intestine and udder. Molecular examination and gene sequencing revealed the presence of RNA belonging to FMD virus ‘type A’ in the affected tissues. The nucleotide sequence of the isolated virus strain was submitted to the gene bank (accession number: BankIt1911105FMD/A/EGY/Dakahlia/ KX083565). In conclusion, the study emphasized the importance of FMD as a viral disease induced relatively high mortality and morbidity especially in young calves and gives an account on the associated pathological lesions.}, keywords = {FMD,Pathology,Dakahlia,Egypt}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7855.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7855_f92121fb38e034a1dace1fcc13af27a3.pdf} } @article { author = {Lebdah, Mohamed and Megahed, Mohamed and Hassanin, Ola and Ali, Amira}, title = {The Negative Impact of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Infection on Immune Responses to Different Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination Programs}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {138-148}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7856}, abstract = {Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is among the naturally occurring viruses that cause immunosuppression in chickens. In the present study, the impact of CIAV infection on both NDV vaccination immune responses and bird performance were demonstrated. Post CIAV infection, the mean live body weights of the ND-vaccinated groups showed improvement compared with the non-NDV vaccinated groups. The immunosuppressive effects of CIAV infection was higher and more obvious on live ND vaccinated group compared with the other vaccinated groups. The vaccination with combination of live and inactivated vaccines showed better HI-NDV Ab responses especially when inactivated vaccine was administrated at 9 days (group II). In consistent, both the phagocytic Percent and Index were lower in case of vaccination with live NDV vaccine only and CIAV infection. Birds were vaccinated with both live and inactivated NDV vaccines at different time points showed superior protection rate (100%) compared with the other groups. Microscopically, CIAV infection led to severe deterioration in the lymphoid tissues (thymus, bursa, spleen and bone marrow) such as focal to diffuse depletion of lymphocytes and hematopoietic cells. This study highlights the negative impact of CIAV infection on both bird performance and immune status.  }, keywords = {chicken,ND,Anemia and Histopathology,vaccine}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7856.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7856_ce9bb0dd8d2ac9f0c4ac1e9e0bf5d206.pdf} } @article { author = {Khedr, Afaf and Abdel Latef, Anhar and Sayed, Mahmoud and Abdrabo, Mohamed and Nagy, Nourhan and Radwan, Amina and Abo Dala, Samah}, title = {Efficacy of an Experimental Combined Inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium and Paramyxovirus Vaccine in Pigeons}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {149-155}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7857}, abstract = {paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) and salmonellosis are two of the major health problemsthat affect pigeons worldwide. Immuno-protection of pigeons against PPMV-1 infection andsalmonellosis is a very important preventive measure. In the present work, a combinedinactivated montanide ISA-206 oil adjuvanted vaccine of local isolates of PPMV-1 and S.Typhimurium was prepared. Quality control assessment of such preparatıon revealed that it isfree from foreign contaminants, safe and immunogenic. The sero-evaluation using microplateagglutination test revealed that the humoral immune response developed against S. Typhimuriumin the vaccinated pigeons reached 64 three weeks post 1st dose and reached its maximum value256 two weeks post boostering. Results of HI test showed that the vaccine induced detectablehumoral immune response to PPMV-1 expressed by marked increased HI antibody titer till theend of the experiment (8.0 log2). The vaccination-challenge assay with the virulent strain ofPPMV-1 with 106 EID50 /mL showed 100% protection in vaccinated group (Ia). While, thevirulent S. Typhimurium organism with 5 x107 CFU/bird showed 90% protection in vaccinatedbirds. The unvaccinated control group showed 10% and 20% protection against both virulentPPMV-1 and S. Typhimurium, respectively. In conclusion, this vaccine could be recommendedas safe, potent and could be useful when used for protection against PPMV-1 and S.Typhimurium under field condition.}, keywords = {Salmonellosis,PPMV-1,Pigeons,vaccine}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7857.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7857_667499474e0a9c2aa13f30cc706df0e4.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bouhy, Zeinab and Reda, Rasha and El-Azony, Asmaa}, title = {Effect of Copper and Lead as Water Pollutants on Ectoparasitic Infested Oreochromis niloticus}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {156-166}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7858}, abstract = {In this study, the effects of 1/10 and 1/20 96 h LC50 of copper and lead on ectoparasitic infested Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) were evaluated by measuring its impact on the intensity and vitality of Cichlidogyrus and Trichodina species. In addition, copper and lead effects on hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathological findings of infested O. niloticus gills were evaluated. Three hundred naturally infested O. niloticus with Cichlidogyrusand Trichodina species were divided into five equal groups, each with three replicates (20 fish/ replicate). The infested fish of the first group were kept as control. While, infested fish of the second and third groups were exposed to 1/10 (0.43 mg/L) and 1/20 (0.21 mg/L) of 96 h LC50of copper sulphate, respectively. Fish of fourth and fifth group were exposed to 1/10 (20.2 mg/L) and 1/20 (10.1 mg/L) of 96 h LC50 of lead acetate, respectively. The results revealed an inverse relationship between the different concentrations of copper and lead (1/10 and 1/20 96 h LC50) and the intensity of external parasites in the gills of fish where the increase of copper and lead concentrations resulted in decrease in the intensity and vitality of ectoparasites during the experimental period (30 days). Red blood cell count, platelets, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, lymphocyte, neutrophil, esinophil, Aspertate Transminase; Alanine Transferase, urea and creatinine showed the lowest significant value in groups 2 and 4 in comparison to group 1, besides, histopathological alterations, such as; congestion of blood vessels and fusion of secondary lamellae and complete absence of secondary lamellae in gills of the experimental groups. It could be concluded that, fish ectoparasites (Cichlidogyrus and Trichodina species) are considered as a biomarker for environmental pollution (copper and lead pollution).  }, keywords = {Lead,copper,Ectoparasites Intensity,mortality,Oreochromis niloticus}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7858.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7858_be89f006fab4e85feb9a3da220487af1.pdf} } @article { author = {Attia, Adel and Abd El-Hamid, Marwa and Abd El-Reheem, Mohamed and Abd El- Fattah, Nehad}, title = {Impact of Nigella sativa and Clove Oils on Cell Wall Genes Expression in Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {167-176}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7859}, abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) became on the top list of the serious problems that have a negative impact on public health. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activities of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) and clove essential oils against multidrug resistant (MDR) methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from different sources with a special reference to their role on the expression of penicillin binding protein (pbp < /em>2) and muscle ring finger (murF) genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 51 staphylococcal isolates comprising 34 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 17 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNs) revealed a highest sensitivity against vancomycin (100%) and marked resistance patterns against β-lactam (beta-lactam) antibiotics. The results revealed that 97.1% of S. aureus isolates demonstrated a high level of MDR pattern, being resistant to more than 3 antibiotics of different classes. The in vitroantibacterial effects of clove and Nigella sativa essential oils against 11 MDR isolates using disc diffusion method indicated that both oils exhibited strong inhibitory efficiencies with inhibition zone diameters up to 45 and 20 mm, respectively. Besides, broth microdilution test of both essential oils revealed maximum activities against the tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) up to 0.5 and 8 µg/mL for clove and N. sativa oils, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR (real time polymerase chain reaction) analysis revealed the effective role of N. sativa and clove oils on the down-regulation of S. aureus murF and pbp < /em>2 genes. In conclusion, the above findings highlight the promising antibacterial functions of N. sativa and clove essential oils in the treatment of emergent resistant S. aureus infections.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7859.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7859_3fcd49e0ba49647593cb7b06c84cdf0c.pdf} } @article { author = {Omar, Ahmed and El-Ghazali, Hanaa}, title = {PDF Quantitative Developmental Studies on the Otolith of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) with Reference to Weight and Length}, journal = {Zagazig Veterinary Journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {177-186}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine}, issn = {1110-1458}, eissn = {2357-075X}, doi = {10.21608/zvjz.2016.7860}, abstract = {Owing to the biological and ecological importance of the otolith and the significant role of Tilapia nilotica in aquaculture production, in addition to the less information about the relationships between the size in both otolith and fish individuals, this study was carried out. Forty-five fish specimens of variable length and weight Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from Al-Abbasa fish farms, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The lengths and weights of fish and their otoliths were recorded and the mean as well as the standard deviation were estimated. The different relationships between fish and otolith with regard to length and weight were identified by Pearson correlation coefficients. The means of Tilapia nilotica body weight and otolith weight were 225105.7 mg±182402.31 and 55.9743 mg±32.93714, respectively. Moreover, the means of fish body length and otolith length were 172.429 mm±74.8580 and 8.1571 mm±3.54984, respectively. In conclusion, there was a positive linear relationship between the developmental rate of fish and otoliths, taking the weights of fish and otoliths in consideration all over this research}, keywords = {Sagittal otolith,Tilapia nilotica,length,weight}, url = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7860.html}, eprint = {https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7860_f4daa1e618e636e31065b99248c23f82.pdf} }