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C β -lactamase genes ( MOX, DHA, ACC, EBC) whereas only one qnrB and qnrS-like genes (3.45 %) were detected. A qnrB gene as well as qnrS was detected in (DHA , EBC) isolate. qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in 41.38% and 3.45% of the E .coli isolates, respectively alone or in combination with qnr genes. The amp < /em>C β -lactamase genes were detected in 75.86 % of all strains and in 100% and 66.66 %of the PMQR determinant-positive and -negative strains, respectively, gave amplicons range from 302 bp to 520 bp, that easily distinguished by gel electrophoresis. Conclusions: A high prevalence of PMQR determinants among AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli isolates from chicken mainly and their by-products was detected in Egypt. Their effect may slightly increase the MIC of quinolone and may relate to the development of full resistance to quinolone.]]>
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30) years old, respectively. The highest prevalence of F. gigantica was detected in human during winter season (14%) while in spring and autumn, it was 2% each. On the other hand, it was not detected in human' stool during summer.]]>
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B, pefA and spvC genes with percentages 100%, 88%, 53%, 41%, 41% and 6% among examined serotypes respectively. It could be concluded that multidrug resistant salmonellae contain at least one virulence gene.]]>
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C) and resistance genes (blaTEM and tetB) on the extracted plasmid of 11 E. coli isolates were tested. Overall, these data indicated that the dissemination of resistance is associated with genetic mobile element such as plasmids that may also carry virulence determinants. ]]>
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