Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601The Clinicopathological Effects of the Double Immunization with Formalized Killed Vaccine against Pasteurella multocida Challenge in Rabbits1201333777010.21608/zvjz.2019.4212.1001ENMohamedFaragclinical pathology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university, Zagazig, EgyptMohamedHashemClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityEssamMahmoudclinical pathology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, zagazig university, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20180625The disease caused by<em> Pasteurella multocida</em> is an extremely common and difficult issue of rabbits utilized for biomedical research. The vaccination techniques are dependably the most powerful preventive measures. In the present study, 30 New Zealand rabbits (1.5 kg average body weight and 6–8 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups, control group (I), challenged non-vaccinated group (II), and challenged double vaccinated group (III). 1<sup>st</sup> dose was administered at the 1<sup>st</sup> day followed by similar booster dose after 21 days. At the end of the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, and 6<sup>th</sup> weeks of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the ear vein for hematological, plasma, and serum examination. At the end of the 6<sup>th</sup> week, the rabbits were anaesthetized and sacrificed to collect the tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs and heart for histopathological study. The results showed that double immunization with killed vaccine of <em>P. multocida</em> increased the immune response of the animals and the leukocyte phagocytic activity against <em>P. multocida</em>and also improved the clinicopathological and histopathological findings. Taken together, our findings proved that double immunization with killed vaccine of <em>P. multocida</em> increased the phagocytic activity of the immune cells and the immune status of animals against infection. Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601The Hypoglycemic Effects of Ginger and Garlic Administration on Induced Diabetic Rats1341453796610.21608/zvjz.2019.9557.1023ENMohamed F.DowidarBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHamad A.El-SaadawyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMennatallahGobranPoultry Department, Qalubia Veterinary Medicine Directorate, Benha, EgyptHaythamGadBiochemistry Department, Facultyof Science, Jeddah University, 23443, Saudi Arabia Kingdom/Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190213This work was designed to investigate the possible hypoglycemic effects of ginger (<em>Zingiber officinal</em>) and garlic (<em>Allium </em><em>sativum</em>) administration on type 2 diabetesinduced in rats. Seventy male adult albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups of ten animals: Normal Control (Cnt), Diabetic Control (CntD), Ginger Low (GNL), Ginger High (GNH), Garlic Low (GRL), Garlic High (GRH) and a combination group (GNH+GRH). Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg of body weight) in all groups except the Cnt group. Rats were treated with ginger and garlic powders in different doses for 2 months. At the end of experiment, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)concentrations, low density lipoprotein (LDL), liver glycogen and glucagon levels were estimated.Expression of Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Glucokinase genes in liver samples from each group were normalized with housekeeping gene (<em>ß-actin</em>) using reverse transcriptase real time Polymerase chain reaction. Serum insulin and HDL concentrations were significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) higherbutbody weight, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDLand HbA1clevels were significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) lower in the Cnt, GNH, GRH and GNH+GRHgroups compared to the CntD, GNL and GRL groups. Liver glycogen level was significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) higher and serum glucagon level was significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) lower in the combination group only but non significant difference was observed for the other groups. The expression of liver Glucose-6-Phosphatase gene was significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) downregulated but the Glucokinase gene was significantly (<em>P</em>< 0.05) upregulated in STZ diabetic rats treated withhigh doses of ginger and garlic powders. This study suggests that ginger and garlic powders can be used to ameliorate type 2 diabetes and might also help in preventing secondary diabetic complications.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Rapid and Precise Diagnostic Tests for S. equi: An Etiologic Agent of Equine Strangles1461593777510.21608/zvjz.2019.9896.1024ENYasmine HTartorDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt0000-0003-1246-6548NesreenGhariebDepartment of Animal Management and Treatment, Kafr Sakr Veterinary Administration, Sharkia, EgyptWessamAliDepartment of Animal Management and Treatment, Dearb Negm Veterinary Administration, Sharkia, EgyptEl-SayedEL-NaenaeeyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptAhmedAmmarDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20190223Strangles is a highly infectious, worldwide, costly disease, affects the upper respiratory system of equine and is caused by <em>Streptococcus equi</em>. Early diagnosis ought to be performed for infected and carrier horses by rapid and accurate diagnostic methods. Bacteriological culture, Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of <em>S. equi</em> M-protein (<em>SeM</em>) were the common methods for detection and differentiation of different subtypes of <em>S. equi</em>. In forty percent of suspected strangles cases, bacteriological culture may fail to detect <em>S. equi</em>. Recently, the development of direct sample PCR for estimation of <em>S. equi </em>in samples provides an alternative and potentially more sensitive method for diagnosis of equine strangles. This review article highlights the different methods of diagnosis, the role of chronic carrier in transmission of infection to susceptible animals and the different methods for identification and discrimination of β-haemolytic streptococci in respiratory samples of horses.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Polymorphisms of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF 9)and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) Genes in Barki and Rahmani Sheep Breeds1601673796810.21608/zvjz.2019.10071.1025ENImanElArabyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptSaraMagdyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptAshrafAwadAnimal Wealth Development department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University,4451 Zagazig, EgyptAymanSalehAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190228Blood samples from 100 ewes (Barki and Rhmani breeds, 50 each) were collected from a private farm at Giza Governorate for determination of polymorphisms of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (<em>BMP15</em>) and the growth differentiation factor 9 (<em>GDF9</em>) genes in the two breeds using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing.Restriction analysis of 712 bp < em>GDF9 gene (amplicon of exon I) using HhaI enzyme revealed 120, 254 and 338 fragments without any differences between the two breeds being tested. <em>GDF</em>9 gene exon II amplicon(713 bp) showed similar pattern of restriction in the two tested breeds with 4 bands (54, 62, 137 and 460bp) using HinfI enzyme. The restriction enzymes, HinfI, SpeI and XbaI, failed to digest the amplicons of exons I and II(500 bp, each) of <em>BMP15 </em>gene in all tested animals of both breeds suggesting absence of polymorphism. This study concluded that there was no polymorphism in the four exons between Barki and Rahmani sheep and the two breeds have the wild genotype with absence of any mutation.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Molecular Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Respiratory Troubles in Chickens in Egypt1681823796910.21608/zvjz.2019.10214.1026ENAshrafHusseinDepartment of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptAmalEidDepartment of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt0000-0003-4183-4899MadeehaIbrahimDirectorate of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptMohamedLebdahDepartment of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20190306Colibacillosis is a complicated disease causing severe economic losses and challenging veterinarians and producers. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains causing respiratory troubles in chickens. Thirty broiler chicken flocks (2013-2016 outbreaks) at age of 17-35 days from Sharkia, Ismailia, Dakahlia and Sinai showed respiratory troubles and greenish diarrhea. The postmortem findings revealed typical colisepticemia picture including air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis. The percentage of APEC isolation was 100 % while 10 flocks suffered mixed infections. From 284 collected samples (air sacs, heart blood, lungs and liver), E. coli isolation was mostly from air sacs (76.1 %) and lung (73.2 %) followed by heart blood (67.6%) and liver (54.9%). Based on serogrouping, the most common serogroups were O78 and O2 with percentage of 15% each. Based on antimicrobial disc diffusion test, the lowest (32.7 %) and highest resistance (100 %) were to doxycycline versus lincomycin, spiramycin, oxacillin and amoxicillin. PCR analysis for 55 MDR E. coli isolates revealed 3 antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM (87.3 %), blaCTX-M (85.5 %) and blaOXA (5.5 %)) and 6 virulence genes in two multiplex PCR (iucD (96 %), Fim H (92.7 %), iss (76.4 %), ompT (58.2 %), tsh (45.5 %) and cvaC (9 %). An association between virulence and multidrug resistance genes in E. coli was concluded, that hindered the control strategy. Therefore, alternative strategies were necessary to minimize the antibiotic use and reduce the virulent strains occurrence.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Characterization of Paratyphoid Salmonellae Isolated from Broiler Chickens at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt1831923797010.21608/zvjz.2019.10544.1028ENAhmedAl-baqirAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptAshrafHusseinAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptIbrahimGhanemAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptMohamedMegahedAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20190318Paratyphoid <em>Salmonella</em> has emerged as a global problem for humans and poultry.Therefore, in this study we investigated the occurrence, serological, antimicrobial and molecular characteristics of paratyphoid <em>Salmonella</em> isolated from chicken flocks at Sharkia Governorate during 2015-2016. The prevalence of paratyphoid <em>Salmonella </em>among the 150 suspected flocks was 32.6 % (49/150), the highest rate (41/49; 80%) was among young ages (1-10 days old) and the lowest rate (8/49; 16 %) among older ages (11- 21 days old). The highest recovery was from liver (30.66 %), followed by spleen (25.33 %), caecum (20 %) and yolk sac (15.7 %). Serotyping of 49 <em>Salmonella</em> isolates revealed 11 different serogroups, with <em>Salmonella </em>Typhimurium was the most prevalent one (24.49 %), followed by <em>Salmonella </em>Kentucky (18.36 %) and <em>Salmonella </em>Enteritidis (14.28 %). The most sensitive antibiotics were apramycin (82 %) and ciprofloxacin (65 %). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was significant to ampicillin, gentamycin and cefotriaxone in all <em>Salmonella</em> isolates. All phenotypically identified MDR<em> Salmonella</em> were found to possess <em>inv</em>A, <em>hil</em>A, <em>pef</em>A (100%) and <em>avr</em>A (95 %) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirming that these virulence genes are important virulence markers for rapid diagnosis of<em> Salmonella</em> infection.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Risk Assessment of some Heavy Metals from Claris gariepinus (African catfish) Consumed in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt1932023798010.21608/zvjz.2019.10727.1031ENEmanElawadyDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 EgyptRashaEl BayomiDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 EgyptWagehDarwishDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Egypt0000-0002-4399-1401AdelEl-AtabanyDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 EgyptJournal Article20190317This study was conducted to determine the residual concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) in <em>Claris gariepinus </em>from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to assess such metals dietary intake, and to evaluate the possible health risks linked with the fish consumption. Therefore, ninety <em>Claris gariepinus </em>samples, 30 of each, from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The obtained results showed that, the mean residual concentrations in <em>Clarias gariepinus</em>from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were 0.08±0.02, 0.19±0.02 and 0.4±0.06 ppm for Cd, respectively. While, the results of Pb were 0.45±0.07, 0.42±0.04 and 0.51±0.08 ppm, respectively; 0.59±0.15, 1.02±0.08 and 0.15±0.03 ppm for Hg, and 0.74±0.06, 0.69±0.04 and 0.64±0.08 ppm for As. The estimated metals' concentration exceeded the recommended safety limits outlined by Egyptian standards (ES No 7136/2010) for most samples. The total estimated daily intakes (EDI) of Cd, Pb, Hg and As were 1, 3.57, 0.57and 2.14 μg/kg BW/day, respectively, that were less than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) suggested by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Referring to the potential health risks of inspected <em>Claris gariepinus</em>, it was valued that the target hazard quotient (THQ) of As of all <em>Claris gariepinus</em> samples from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were 1.34, 1.25, 1.16, respectively. These results were more than 1, representing possible health risks, while THQs of other metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) from <em>Claris gariepinus </em>consumption from all examined areas were lower than 1 as compared to the reference doses. The obtained results give us an alert that the consumer could be under health hazards so that further investigation of <em>Claris gariepinus </em>is recommended at Sharkia Governorate.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Application of Different Biostatistical Methods in Biological Data Analysis2032123798210.21608/zvjz.2019.11121.1034ENKhairyEl-BayomiAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptFatmaMohamedAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMahmoudEltarabanyAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHagarGoudaAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20190325Logistic regression is one of the popular methods used in genetic data analysis. That is applied to predict a categorical binary dependent variable on basis of predictor variables, and to test the probability of getting a particular value of the dependent variable that is related to the explanatory variable. The objective of this study is to highlight the crucial role of biostatistical methods in increasing the accuracy of the results in veterinary and biological practices. Statistical analysis of previously published data in the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Cairo, Egypt was done using SPSS version, 24 to predict hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by knowing the genotypes, age, and gender of the patients. The genotypes and gender displayed a significant effect on metastasis (P < 0.05) while age had no significant effect on metastasis (P > 0.05). There are other types of data (animal breeding and production) which were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). The repeated measures ANOVA is equivalent to normalized ANOVA, but for related, not independent groups. Data of this test was obtained from a study aimed to measure body weight of three breeds of rabbits at 4 time points 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th weeks of the experiment. The main effect of breed types of rabbits was significant (P < 0.05), the time (weeks) was highly significant (P < 0.001) and their interaction was also highly significant (P < 0.001). Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce a large set of variables to a small set that still contains most of the information in the large set. A reduced set is easier to analyze and interpret. Data with 6 variables reduced to only 2 variables where initial eigenvalues were > 1 for two variables and their values were (2.768 and 1.147).Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Detection of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A Residues in Meat Products with Amelioration by Probiotics2132213798310.21608/zvjz.2019.11633.1035ENMohamedKarmiDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University,
81528 Aswan, EgyptJournal Article20190416A total of 125 samples of basterma, burger, luncheon, minced meat and kofta (25 / each) were collected from meat markets in Aswan to study the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A using competitive direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) technique. Moreover, the role of probiotics in residues' detoxification was carried out. The detection rates of aflatoxins versus ochratoxin A residues in the examined basterma, luncheon and minced meat samples were (80% Vs 92%), (92% Vs 80%) and (76% Vs 72%) respectively. The detection rate for both toxins was the same in burger (96%) and kofta (88%) samples. It was found that <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> could reduce the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in experimentally spiked burger to 0.12 µg/Kg (97.2%), 0.57 µg/Kg (61%), respectively, while <em>Saccharomyces serevisae</em> could reduce the aflatoxins in spiked burger to 0.17 µg/Kg (96%) and ochratoxin A to 0.43 µg/Kg (71.1%). It could be concluded that meat products represent a potential source of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A for consumers and probiotics significantly decrease the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in meat products. Monitoring of meat products for mycotoxins and use of preventive compounds should be practiced.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145847220190601Effect of Experimental Clostridium perfringens Infection on Some Immunological, Hematological and Biochemical Values in Broiler Chickens2222333798410.21608/zvjz.2019.12216.1036ENMarwaKhodaryDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, 44516, EgyptNasrNasr El-DeenDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511IbtisamGamal El-DeenDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, 44516, EgyptJournal Article20190423This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of Cl. perfringens infection on broiler chickens and compares between the effect of amoxicillin and / or organic acids on Cl. perfringens infection through the evaluation of hemogram, blood chemistry, hepato-renal functions and immune response through ELISA technique. One hundred one-day old chicks were divided into five equal groups. Group (1): negative control, Group (2): Clostridium perfringens type A (1.9×109 organism/ml) infected broilers, Group (3): infected chickens treated with amoxicillin (15 mg/kg. wt.) for 5 successive days, Group (4): chickens administered organic acids (1 mL /L water) then infected and Group (5): chickens infected and treated with both amoxicillin and organic acids. Cl. perfringens infection resulted in decreased appetite, ruffled feathers and brownish diarrhea with sudden death in some cases with a mortality rate up to 25%. Birds infected and treated with amoxicillin showed mild clinical signs with 15% mortalities. Majority of chickens supplemented with organic acids followed by Cl. perfringens infection or with organic acids and amoxicillin showed depression with a mild diarrhea and 10% mortality rate. Chickens infected with Cl. perfringens had macrocytic hypochrmic anemia, leukocytosis, heterophilia and monocytosis. In addition to, a significant decrease of total protein, albumin, phagocytic % and phagocytic index with a significant increase of total golbulins, liver enzymes activities, serum uric acid, creatinine and glucose levels. Treatment of Cl. perfringens infection with amoxicillin, organic acids alone or in combination resulted in a positive effect in treatment, ameliorating the severity of infection and a significant improvement in some immunological and biochemical parameters, the best results were observed with combination.