Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Immunomodulatory Effects of Tulathromycin in Rabbits110768110.21608/zvjz.2017.7681ENSabry M.Abdel-MotalPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagaig University, 44511, EgyptGamal A.ShamsPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagaig University, 44511, EgyptNagah E.EdressPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagaig University, 44511, EgyptAbeer M.AnwerImmunopharmacology Unit, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, EgyptGhada A.MohamedDirectorate of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20180601Tulathromycin is a new injectable macrolid antibiotic used for treating pulmonary disease. Therefore, the present work was aimed to study the effect of tulathromycin administration only or in a combination with vitamin C (immunomodatory agent) on immnomodulating, apoptotic effect and DNA of some immune cells. Moreover, to investigate its effect on serum antioxidant activity. Twenty-five apparently healthy rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups, the 1<sup>st</sup> group was the control and the 2<sup>nd </sup>was the vaccinated group with 1 mL/rabbit S.C “<em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine”. The 3<sup>rd</sup> group injected with 17.5 mg/rabbit of vitamin C and 1 mL/rabbit S.C “<em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine” while, the 4<sup>th</sup> group was given 1 mL S.C/rabbit Pasteurella multocida vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The 5<sup>th</sup> group was treated S.C with 17.5 mg/rabbit vitamin C, 1 mL <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The results showed a significant inhibition of lymphocyte transformation at 3<sup>rd</sup> day, phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity at 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> day of vaccination in the 4<sup>th</sup> group. Moreover, its total globulin level was significantly depressed at the 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th </sup>day with a depression of antibody titre against pasteurella till the 3<sup>rd</sup> week post vaccination. Comet results revealed a significant increase of DNA damage % on the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> days post vaccination. DNA fragmentation of neutrophil was transiently occurred in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> days post treatment. It was concluded that, Tulathromycin has a transient immunosuppressive and genotoxic effect, therefore it should be administered in a combination with Vit C to overcome its side effects. Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Broiler Chickens, Egypt during 2014 -20161118768210.21608/zvjz.2017.7682ENMohammed A.LebdahAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterniary Medicine University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptAhmed M.HegazyAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterniary Medicine University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptMohammed H.HassanPoultry Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza, 12618, EgyptMaiMohammedPoultry Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza, 12618, EgyptJournal Article20180601In this study,surveillance on infectious bronchitis virus strains in 75 Egyptian broiler chicken flocks was performed using real-time RT-PCR at eight Governorates during 2014-2016. The birds in the selected flocks were suffering from respiratory and renal manifestations. The results of the present study showed that 31 (41%) samples were positive for IBV. All isolates were classified as variants using sequencing analysis of the obtained data and can be divided into 2 groups. Group I (variant) Egyptian IBV included isolates, EG-F728-1-2015-SP1, EG-F728-7-2015-SP1, EG-F862-3-2015-SP1, EG-F862-4-2015-SP1, EG-F888-2015-SP1, EG-F777-2015-SP1 and EG-F183-1-2016-SP1 which were very close to IBV-IS-1494-06 and had amino acid sequence identities between 87.5% to 96.2%<strong>.</strong> Group II (variant) Egyptian IBV included isolates, EG-F183-2-2016-SP1 and EG-F183-3-2016-SP1. These two IBV isolates were very close to IBV-IS/885 (variant 2) and they shared amino acid sequence identities from 92.3% to 97.1% with each other<strong>. </strong>In conclusion, different variants of IBV are present in broiler farms in high prevalence rate even in vaccinated flocks.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301The Effect of Carob Pods and Fig Fruits Ether Extracts against Lead Induced Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Oreochromis niloticus1928768310.21608/zvjz.2017.7683ENAhmed A.SaidPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohamed H.KairyPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAdel M.E.ShalabyFish Physiology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo Hammad, Sharkia, EgyptHazem T.IsmailFish Physiology Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo Hammad, Sharkia, EgyptJournal Article20180601The current study aimed to investigate the possible effect of <em>Ceratonia siliqua</em> (carob) pods and <em>Ficus carica</em> (fig) fruits ether extracts against lead toxicity on hematological, biochemical parameters, growth performance and mortality % in Nile Tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). One hundred and forty fish were divided into 7 groups. The first group was left as a control and fed a control diet, while, the second and third groups were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>(77.5 mg/L) and 1/4 96 hLC<sub>50</sub> (38.7 mg/L) of Lead (Pb), respectively and provided with a control diet. The fourth and fifth groups were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb, respectively and fed diet with 600 mg carob extract/kg diet. The sixth and seventh group were exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb, respectively and provided with diet contain 600 mg fig extract/kg diet. The hematological, biochemical parameters and growth performance was significantly decreased after exposure to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 hLC<sub>50</sub> of Pb for 30, 60 and 90 days, while plasma glucose and mortality % were increased significantly. There were no significant changes in RBCs, Hb and PCV of <em>O. niloticus</em> exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50 </sub>and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb that fed diet enriched with carob extract 600 mg/kg diet for 90 days. The fish exposed to 1/2 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> and 1/4 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of Pb and fed diet enriched with 600 mg/kg diet carob or fig for 90 days revealed no significant changes in plasma albumin, total protein, glucose and growth parameters with a reduction of mortality %. The current study highlighted the importance of carob and fig ether extract in the protection of Nile tilapia against the lead acetate toxicity.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Molecular Detection of some Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Species Isolated from Commercial Layers in Egypt2938768410.21608/zvjz.2017.7684ENMohammed A.LebdahAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptWaffa M.MohammedReference Laboratory for quality control on poultry production (RLQP). Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki Lab., Giza, EgyptSamahEidReference Laboratory for quality control on poultry production (RLQP). Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki Lab., Giza, EgyptRehab I.HamedReference Laboratory for quality control on poultry production (RLQP). Animal Health Research Institute, Sharkia Branch, EgyptJournal Article20180601The present study was done to investigate the wide spread resistance to some antimicrobial groups among <em>S</em>almonellae isolated from replacement and layer flocks in Egypt. A total of 24 salmonellae were isolated from 200 birds (apparently healthy or diseased suffered from diarrhea, dehydration, respiratory distress and decrease of egg production) and serotyped into<em> S</em>. Enteritidis, <em>S</em>. Typhimurium, <em>S</em>. Kentucky and <em>S</em>. Newport. Twenty-one <em>S</em>almonella isolates were examined for resistance genes against different antimicrobials. The resistance pattern of all Salmonella isolates was done using antibiogram, the resistant isolates were examined for the presence of resistance coding genes using PCR technique. The investigated resistance genes were (<em>qnr</em>S<em>, aac (6')-ib-cr</em>) for quinolone resistant isolates,<em> bla</em>TEM for β-lactam resistant isolates, <em>aad</em>A1 and<em> aad</em>A2 for aminoglycosides resistant isolates and <em>tet</em>A(A) and <em>tet</em>A(B) for tetracycline resistant isolates. Resistant genes percentages for <em>tet</em>A(A), <em>tet</em>A(B), <em>bla</em>TEM, <em>aad</em>A1,<em> aad</em>A2, <em>aac (6')-ib-cr </em>and<em> qnr</em>S in the examined isolates were 70%, 20%, 93.3%, 30%, 80%, 10% and 15%, respectively. In conclusion, at the study area, antimicrobial resistance genes are widely spread in <em>Salmonella </em>isolates. Thus, minimizing the influence of antibiotics in treatment and prevention.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Determination of Marbofloxacin residues in Rabbit Tissues by HPLC3946768510.21608/zvjz.2017.7685ENElsayed A.Abdel AzizPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptSameh M.El-NabtityPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAbdel Azeem M.El BarawyAnimal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMohammed A.M.SalehAnimal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180601The present study was designed to evaluate marbofloxacin residues in different rabbit tissues after multiple intramuscular administrations. For that purpose, rabbits were divided into two groups; the first group (n=21) administered 2mg/kg marbofloxacin for five successive days, while the second group (n=3) were untreated and served as controls. Tissues were collected at the 1<sup>st</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup>day after the last dose post administration of the drug. Liver, kidneys, pectoral muscle and thigh muscles, spleen, heart, blood and lung from each rabbit were taken, extracted and marbofloxacin residues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. Results indicated a widespread distribution of marbofloxacin in the most tested tissues. It remained within detectable level till the 5<sup>th</sup> day in liver and serum while it continues till the 7<sup>th</sup> in kidneys day following the last dose. Therefore, muscles of rabbits treated with marbofloxacin could be consumed safely following the 1<sup>st</sup> day post treatment, while liver and kidneys could be consumed safely in the 3<sup>rd</sup> day after treatment without any hazards on consumers as the residual level below the recommended MRL (150µg/kg).Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Detection of Shiga Toxin – Producing Escherichia coli in Raw and Pasteurized Milk4754768610.21608/zvjz.2017.7686ENWaffa F.AhmedFood Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Provincial Lab, EgyptAmeraSamerMicrobiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Provincial Lab, EgyptJournal Article20180601One hundred random samples of raw buffalo and pasteurized cow milk (50, each) were collected from different localities of Sharkia Governorate for the detection of <em>E. coli</em>. The isolates were screened by PCR for virulence associated genes as well as antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the most effective antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, an experimental study was carried out to detect the influence of pasteurization and processing of kariesh cheese and yoghurt on <em>E. coli</em> O<sub>111</sub>:H<sub>8</sub> inoculated in milk with the concentration of 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL. The obtained results showed that the occurrence of <em>E. coli</em> in the examined raw buffalo and pasteurized cow milk samples were 66% and 30%, respectively. Serogrouping of <em>E. coli</em> isolates revealed that O128, O26 and O111 were recorded as the most frequent O-serogroups. The sensitivity test showed that <em>E. coli</em> isolates were more sensitive to gentamicin (79.2%), followed by ciprofloxacin (70.8%) and colistin (68.8%). However, the examined isolates were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%) followed by sulphamethazole- trimethoprim (79.2%). Molecular identification of virulence associated genes revealed <em>stx</em>1, <em>stx</em>2 and <em>eae</em>A genes. The experimental study showed that milk pasteurization was more effective on <em>E. coli</em> O<strong><sub>111</sub></strong>:H<strong><sub>8</sub></strong> survival at refrigeration temperature compared with processed products such as kariesh cheese and yoghurt.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Molecular Characterization of β-lactamase Genes in Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria5563768710.21608/zvjz.2017.7687ENAdel M.AttiaMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMohammed N.HassanMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptShymaa E.ElwanMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180601Beta-lactamases (bls) are implicated seriously in resistance to β - lactam antibiotics. β- lactam resistance related to Sulfa hydral variabl- beta lactamases (SHV- bls) were detected in <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Klebsiellae</em> isolated from human and chickens. In this work, resistance profile of the isolates, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) activity and SHV genes sequencing were examined. <em>E. coli</em> was isolated from humans, broiler and day-old chicks samples, meanwhile, <em>K. pneumonia </em>was isolated only from human samples (88.8%). Sixty-four (88.8 %) of human isolates contained beta-lactamases (iodometric positive)<strong>, </strong>28% were ESBLs and 35% contained SHV. In case of day-old chick isolates, 50% contained beta-lactamases (iodometric positive), 5.5% were ESBLs. Out of 45 broiler isolates, 37.7% contained beta-lactmases (iodometric positive)<strong>, </strong>8.8% were ESBLs and 80% contained SHV. It was found that SHV were of SHV-5 and SHV-12.It could be concluded that, wide spread of ESBLs SHV-5 and SHV-12 in humans and chicken is a major concern in resistance to β -lactam drugs.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci from Different Sources6473768810.21608/zvjz.2017.7688ENAdel M.AttiaMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAhlam A.GharibMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptIbrahim I.MohamedFood Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI ARC 60019332), Zagazig Provincial LabOmnia E.AhmedMicrobiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI ARC 60019332), Zagazig Provincial LabJournal Article20180601Enterococci are reservoirs for transmission of the most clinically important antimicrobial resistances such as vancomycinresistance. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the occurrence of enterococci and their respective vancomycine resistance genes (<em>van</em>A and <em>van</em>B) from different sources. Two hundred and twenty-four samples from chickens, turkey, fish and human urine, as well as, two types of human food including milk (raw and milk from mastitic animals) and sausage were tested for isolation of <em>Enterococcus</em> species. The isolates wereidentified morphologically and biochemically usingcatalase test<strong>, </strong>sodium chloride tolerance and growth at pH 9.6and 10- 45˚C. The vancomycin resistance profile of the isolates was verified by both disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The genotypic enterococcal identification at both genus and species levels and their vancomycine resistance genes were also ascertained using PCR amplification of the respective genes for 28 isolates. Enterococci isolation rate was 70% of the examined samples with a higher percentage of vancomycine resistance (53.5%) and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 16 to 512 µg/mL. Molecular identification of 28 enterococcal isolates revealed the dominance of <em>E. faecalis</em> (42.8%) and clarified a higher proportion of <em>van</em>A (78.5%) and <em>van</em>B (67.8%) genes. In conclusion, administration of the antimicrobials mainly vancomycin may be considered as a pronounced stress factor in the veterinary and human practices. In addition, VRE can act as a reservoir for vancomycin resistance.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Hormonal and Immunological responses to Coleus forskohlii treatment in Female Rats with Experimentally Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome7481768910.21608/zvjz.2017.7689ENHodaAbd-AllahAnimal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Laboratory, EgyptMona M.AbdAlhadyPhysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMagda N.A.AbdelallAnimal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Laboratory, EgyptSahar N.MohamedyAnimal Health Research Institute, Zagazig Laboratory, EgyptWaheeb D.M.AlharbiPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm al Qura University, Makkah, KSAAdil O.BahathiqPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm al Qura University, Makkah, KSAJournal Article20180601Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent causes of reproductive failure. Its pathogenesis may be hormonal and immune disorder with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of coleus forskohlii roots extract (CFE) in modulating the levels of some hormones and immune parameters of rats with androgen induced PCOS. Fifty immature female albino rats were divided into control group and androgen treated group that injected subcutaneously with 60 mg/kg BW/day androgen (Cidotestone) for 35 days to induce PCOS. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups. The first two subgroups received saline and 25 mg/kg BW of CFE, respectively while the other two subgroups received the same doses of Cidotestone and Cidotestone + CFE, respectively for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment to estimate the levels of corticosterone, beta endorphin, total leucocytic count (TLC), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD<sup>+</sup>4), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD<sup>+</sup>8), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA). The results revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of β endorphin, IL-2, TLC, CD<sup>+</sup>4, CD<sup>+</sup>8 and IgG, while corticosterone and IL-4 showed a significant increase in the androgen induced PCOS group. Rats treated with Cidotestone + CFE displayed normal values of all tested parameters except corticosterone, suggesting role of CFE in mediating both humoral and cellular immunity.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145845120170301Presynchronization with CIDR improved the efficiency of ovsynch in the cyclic and acyclic Postpartum Pluriparous Cows8291769010.21608/zvjz.2017.7690ENAhmed E.AhmedTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, EgyptAlaa EldinZain ElabdeenTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, EgyptOmarZainTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, EgyptJournal Article20180601The postpartum period is considered an important period in the reproductive life of dairy cows.This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>)-CIDR supplementation in the course of Ovsynch regimens in postpartum Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Eighty Holstein Friesian dairy cows were used. All animals were gynaecologically examined for uterine involution and ovarian resumption by rectal ultrasound scan. Those with history of endometritis, caesarean section, dystocia, retained placenta, acute mastitis, lameness or other unhealthy were excluded. Fifty-two cows were cyclic and twenty eights were non-cyclic. Animals were divided into three synch-regimens. The 1<sup>st</sup> group (N=27), used as a control, is the ovsynch regimen only in which the animals were treated with GnRH-PGF<sub>2α</sub>-GnRH (GPG), the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (N=26) in which the GPG was presynchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device before (CIDR-GPG), and the 3<sup>rd</sup> group (N=27) in which CIDR device was incorporated into GPG, after the first GnRH injection (G-CIDR-PG). Blood samples were collected 5 times (day -7, 0, 7, 14 and 50) for measuring P<sub>4</sub> using enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) technique. Ultrasound examinations were performed on days -7, 0, 7 and 9 for following up the ovarian changes, and repeated at 35, 45 and 50 days post-insemination for pregnancy diagnosis. Conception rate was variable among groups. It was increased by 69.23, 51.85 and 40.74% in CIDR-GPG, G-CIDR-PG regimens treated groups and GPG-control group, respectively. The conception rate was higher in the cyclic versus acyclic GPG group (44.4 vs. 33.3 %). On the other hand, acyclic cows were highly responsive than cyclic cows in CIDR-GPG group (70.0 vs. 68.8%) and G-CIDR-PG group (55.6 vs. 50.0%). In conclusion, we recommend that the CIDR-GPG regimen is improving fertility and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows.