Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Evaluation of the Potential Fetotoxic Effects of Tramadol in Female Pregnant Mice17761710.21608/zvjz.2018.7617ENButhina A.AbdullahPharmacology Department, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, IraqJournal Article20180531Tramadol is an opioid analgesic that is used extensively as antinociceptive. This study was designed to investigate the fetotoxic effect of tramadol in female pregnant mice. Fourteen pregnant mice were used in the present study, that were divided two groups, group A, was administered Tramadol by a single daily dose (20 mg\kg B.W.) I\P. 1- 7day of gestation. Group B pregnant mice was kept as a control group, received 1 ml normal saline 0.9%. After 15 day (organogenesis period) pregnant mice were euthanized and the results revealed that, all the pregnant mice treated with Tramadol, have resorbed feti while the non treated group have normal feti in their uterine horns. Ovaries, corpus lutum, oviduct and uterus were incised and processed for histpathological investigation<em>.</em> The obtained findings of present study revealed that Tramadol at a dose 20mg\kg exerts fetotoxic effects in mice when given during early stage of pregnancy.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Residues of some Toxic Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Chicken Eggs816761910.21608/zvjz.2018.7619ENWalaa F.Saad EldinEducational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAmal A.RaslanEducational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180531Presence of residues of heavy metals and trace elements in chicken eggs represent chemical hazards from the point of view of both Food safety sector due to consumption of contaminated eggs and poultry medicine sector due to the possible harmful effects of metals on chicken embryos, embryonic deaths, in particular. The objective of this study was to estimate the residual concentrations of the toxic metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic and nickel) and trace elements (zinc and copper) in three kinds of chicken eggs. The examined chicken eggs included balady (produced from free-range house fed chickens), commercial eggs, produced from laying hens fed on commercial ration and organic eggs produced from laying hens fed on organic based ration. A total of 60 fresh egg samples were collected randomly from (20, each) during the period from June to October 2016 Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The achieved results declared that balady chicken eggs had the highest load of all metals examined followed by commercial and finally organic eggs. The residual concentrations of all examined metals exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)/ World Health Organization (WHO), especially in the balady {Pb (0.34± 0.03); Cd (0.18 ± 0.02);As (0.14 ± 0.017); Zn (23.17 ± 0.88); Ni (1.31 ± 0.08), and Cu (11.47 ± 0.66)}, followed by commercial then organic eggs. High metal concentrations in chicken eggs represent major hazards on both human and chicken embryos that might lead to sever toxicological implications. The adverse outcomes of the examined metals on both human and chicken embryos were discussed.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Hepatoprotective Impact of Chlorella vulgaris Powder on Deltamethrin Intoxicated Rats1724762010.21608/zvjz.2018.7620ENSawsan M.A.ElsheikhPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAzza A.A.GalalPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptRehab M.A.FadilPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180531This study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective impact of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>) on liver tissues of adult male albino rats intoxicated with deltamethrin (DLM). Thirty-two adult rats were divided into four equal groups. The control group was orally administered 0.5 mL normal saline once daily for eight weeks. The second (<em>Chlorella</em> group (CV)) and third (Deltamethrin group (DLM)) groups, were orally received 50 mg<em> C. vulgaris </em>powder/kg BW and deltamethrin 3 mg/kg BW once daily for eight weeks respectively, while the fourth group was orally received CV and DLM together, with the same previous mentioned doses and duration. DLM treated group induced a significant elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Liver oxidant/antioxidant status was altered due to DLM intoxication. Meanwhile,<em> C. vulgaris </em>powdernormalized the changes of ALT and ALP activities. Moreover, it improved oxidant/antioxidant status of the liver related to DLM intoxication. <em>C. vulgaris</em> supplementation could overcome the DLM-induced hepatotoxicity through eliminating the oxidative tissue injuries. Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Evaluation of Immunostimulant Activity of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)2536762110.21608/zvjz.2018.7621ENSuhair A.AbdellatiefPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptAfaf N.Abdel RahmanFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, EgyptFatma D.M.AbdallahAnimal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt0000-0001-6693-5253Journal Article20180531Immunostimulants have been found to be attractive and promising agents for disease management in aquaculture. The current study aimed to assess the impacts of feeding with<em> Spirulina platensis </em>(SP) and <em>Salvia officinalis</em> (SO) for 28 days on the immune status of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). A total of 180 Nile tilapia (30.6 ± 0.12 g) were divided into 3 groups (triplicates of 20 fish/group). Control group was fed on a basal diet only, while the other two groups were supplemented with SP (10 gm/kg diet) and SO (7.5 gm/kg diet) respectively. Both of SP and SO showed <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. The immune response of Nile tilapia supplemented with SP and SO revealed significant increases in lysozyme, nitric oxide activities and IgM titer with enhancement of IL-1β and TNF-α genes expression before and after infection with <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Fish challenged with <em>P. aeruginosa</em> showed signs of infection with high mortality rate and low relative percentage survival which elevated to be 83% in SP group and 75% in SO group. It could be concluded that dietary supplementation with SP and SO improved immune response and protected Nile tilapia against infection.Moreover, SP showed better results than SO before and after infection.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Impact of Betaine Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Tonic Immobility, and Some Blood Chemistry of Broiler Chickens Fed Normal and Low Energy Diets During Natural Summer Stress3750762210.21608/zvjz.2018.7622ENShimaa A.AmerDepartment of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt0000–0002–8349–042Anaam E.OmarDepartment of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptWafaa A.M.MohamedDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptHeba S.A.GharibPublic Health department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptWafaa A.El-ErakyDepartment of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180531The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of betaine supplementation to the normal and low energy diets of broiler chickens during summer season on growth performance, tonic immobility (TI), economic value and some blood biochemical parameters. Three hundred one days-old broiler chicks were used. The chicks were divided into 6 groups (each of 50 chicks) and each group was 5 replicated (2x3 factorial design). The first, second and third groups were fed normal energy diet (NED) with 0, 1 and 2g betaine/kg diet (air dry basis) for 35 days, respectively. While, the fourth, fifth and sixth groups were fed low energy diet (LED) with 0, 1 and 2g betaine/kg diet (air dry basis) for 35 days, respectively. The experiment was carried out during summer season. Birds freely access to water and feed. Resultsshowedno significant difference of growth performance between NED and LED groups. Betaine supplementation (2g/kg diet) to both NED and LED increased significantly (p < 0.05) the body weight (BW) (1880.61 and 1787.66g, respectively), body weight gain (BWG) (1822.22 and 1728.77g, respectively), feed intake (FI) (3027.36 and 3136.42g, respectively), relative growth rate (RGR) (187.93 and 187.24, respectively) and TI (92.83 and 71.83s, respectively) with no significant difference in feed conversion (FCR) between the groups fed diet supplemented with or without betaine.Betaine supplementation 2g/kg diet to NED increased the total cost, total return, net profit, economic efficiency and performance index%, moreover improved the pancreatic and thyroid function and return the lipids indices of LED-fed birds to the normal level as in the NED-fed birds. No mortalities occur between the different groups. Therefore, betaine can be included in normal energy diets of broiler chickens by level of 2g/kg diet for improving the growth performance, economic value and welfare during the summer season.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Chronic Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Biochemical, Immunological Changes and DNA Damage in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)5159762310.21608/zvjz.2018.7623ENZeinab M.El-BouhyFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptYasserAbd El-HakimFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptEngy M.M.MohamedFish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180531Tremendous use of organophosphate insecticides especially chlorpyrifos have led to elevation of the residual levels of these insecticides in aquatic system via contaminated runoff and atmospheric deposition. Our study was done to detect the effect of different chronic concentrations of chlorpyrifos (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>10</sub> and <sup>1</sup>/<sub>20</sub> of 96 h LC<sub>50</sub>) on fingerlings Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus,</em> after 8 weeks of exposure through determine the oxidative potential indices, immunological parameters and hepatic and renal markers in serum. DNA damage was determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay). The marked change in clinical signs and postmortem findings were recorded in chlorpyrifos exposed groups. The results showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decline in antioxidant parameters which represented by decreasing in Glutathione (GSH) activity, inhibition in immunological parameters which represented by decrease in lysozyme and nitric oxide levels in the groups that were exposed to <sup>1</sup>/<sub>10</sub> and <sup>1</sup>/<sub>20</sub> of 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of chlorpyrifos. The significant elevation in hepatic and renal markers which represented by increasing in Alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine activities and a marked elevation DNA damage were recorded in the groups that were exposed to <sup>1</sup>/<sub>10</sub> and <sup>1</sup>/<sub>20</sub> of 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of chlorpyrifos. We conclude from our study that chronic exposure of juvenile <em>O. niloticus </em>to chlorpyrifos has the potential to cause harmful effect.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Detection and Identification of Eimeria species in Naturally Infected Calves at Assiut Governorate6069762410.21608/zvjz.2018.7624ENSafaa S.MalekAnimal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityHuda M.KuraaAnimal Health Research Institute, Assiut LaboratoryJournal Article20180531The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of <em>Eimeria </em>species among 75 diarrheic calves in Assiut Governorate. Oocysts of <em>Eimeria </em>spp. were found in 46.7% (35/75) of the examined fecal samples from diarrheic calves using light microscope and 88% (22/25) by using PCR. Very high significant difference of <em>Eimeria</em> infection was recorded in calves 3-6 months of age, 73.3% (22/30) and 1 week-3 months of age 28.9% (13/45). The prevalence of <em>Eimeria </em>spp. in calves with diarrhea showed the highest rate in summer (69.2%), followed by winter (36.4%), autumn (25%) and spring (7.7%). Eight species of<em> Eimeria </em>were isolated by parasitological examination. The prevalence of <em>Eimeria</em> spp. was<em> E. zuernii </em>(51.4%) followed by <em>E. bovis</em> (31.4%), <em>E. alabamensis</em> (31.4%), <em>E. cylindrica</em> (25.7%), <em>E. subspherica </em>(14.3%), <em>E. canadensis</em> (11.4%), <em>E. ellipsoidalis</em> (5.7%) and <em>E. auburnensis</em> (2.9%). Single infection of <em>Eimeria </em>spp. was found in 48.6% of the infected calves, whereas mixed infection involved two, three or four <em>Eimeria </em>spp. was observed in 51.4% of the infected calves. In conclusion, season and age of the calves were the most significant aspects connected with the possibility of infection with coccidiosis The PCR is a more reliable, sensitive and less time-consuming approach for diagnosis of <em>Eimeria</em>.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Effect of Different Culture Conditions on In vitro Development and Quality of Buffalo Embryos7078762510.21608/zvjz.2018.7625ENFatma A.IbrahimTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHassan H.MansourTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptFaten M.LabibTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptHussein A.AmerTheriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptMagdy R.BadrArtificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180531This work was carried out to evaluate the quality and the developmental competence of the <em>in vitro</em> buffalo embryos produced under different culture conditions. Oocytes were matured in TCM 199 for 24 h at 38.5°C and 5% CO<sub>2</sub>. After maturation, oocytes were <em>in vitro</em> fertilized by frozen thawed sperms capacitated <em>in vitro</em> by caffeine at final concentration 2 million sperm /ml. The sperm-oocytes were incubated in TALP medium for 24 hrs. Fertilized oocytes were cultured in Cell free media (CR1aa) or with cumulus or oviductal cell monolayers (Experiment 1), CR1aa with addition of (10, 20, 50 and 100 µg/mL) lactoferrin (Experiment 2) inside CO<sub>2</sub> incubator with 5% CO<sub>2 </sub>at 38°C. The cleavage, morula, blastocyst rates were recorded and embryo cell number and mitochondrial function were evaluated. Addition of bovine oviductal cell monolayer (BOCM) to culture media significantly increased the morula and the blastocyst compared with cell free media and media with cumulus cell monolayer and also significantly increased the cell number and the mitochondrial function of <em>in vitro</em> produced buffalo embryos. Addition of lactoferrin by concentration 50µg/ml to culture media resulted in a significant increase in rates of cleavage; morula and blastocyst compared with control or other concentrations and also resulted in an increase in the cell number and the mitochondrial function of <em>in vitro</em> produced buffalo embryos. It could be concluded that, addition of oviductal cells (monolayer) or lactoferrin to culture medium significantly improved the quality of in vitro produced buffalo embryos.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Role of the Serum Muscular Enzymes in the Diagnosis of Post-Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in Draft Horses Used in Transplant Rice Seedlings7989762710.21608/zvjz.2018.7627ENYasmin H.BayoumiAnimal Medicine Department (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptJournal Article20180531The present study was done to evaluate the role of serum muscular enzymes in the determination of the workload in healthy horses, and diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis (ER) cases. Twenty-one draft horses were assessed under the field conditions during rice seedling seasons. Animals were under complete history, physical examination and laboratory evaluation of serum muscular enzymes. Horses were categorized into 2 main groups; the first group, healthy horses under rice seedling work (n=10). They were examined and sampled 4times/day work. The second group includes horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis under rice seedlings workload (n=11) and they were examined and sampled on admission. Blood samples were collected and as a minimum, serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated. The obtained results clarified significant alterations in the vital signs in the exertional rhabdomyolysis group in comparison to healthy horses under the same workload in the four examination periods. Additionally, highly significant increase (P ≤0.001) in serum CK, LDH and AST levels in exertional rhabdomyolysis cases in comparison to the healthy horses and to the normal reference limits. While two or more folds increase in the serum muscular enzymes were recorded in healthy horses during workload and 4 h post-work when compared to the pre-work measurements. This, in turn, reflects the great load in healthy horses during rice seedling seasons.Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig Veterinary Journal1110-145846120180301Isolation and Molecular Identification of Duck Hepatitis A Virus in Sharkia Governorate8895762810.21608/zvjz.2018.7628ENMohamed N.HassaanVeterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAbeer M.ShahinAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, EgyptAmal A.M.EidAvian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt0000-0003-4183-4899Journal Article20180531Thirty two flocks were examined to investigate the incrimination of DHAV in the nervous signs and massive mortalities recorded among ducklings during 2014-2016 in Sharkia Governorate. The examined birds aged (2-11 days) were suffering from nervous signs; ataxia followed by opisthotonos, kicking spasmodically then rapid death. Enlarged liver with marked petechial haemorrhages, enlarged spleen, nephritis and swelling of the kidneys were seen. Viral isolation in ECE revealed stunting, subcutaneous hemorrhages covering the body, necrotic areas and greenish discoloration of embryonic liver in 22 samples (68.75%). DHAV identification was succeeded by RT-PCR using RNA extracted from the livers of collected samples and specific primers based on 3D gene in all above positive samples. It could be concluded that RT-PCR could be carried out on hepatic tissues for rapid diagnosis of common DHAV. The subtyping of DHAV is useful for accurate diagnosis to avoid vaccination failure.