2024-03-29T01:52:37Z
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1526
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Seroprevalence of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Trypanosomiasis, with special Reference to Gene Sequencing of Trypanosoma evansi in Sharkia Governorate
Farouk
Elbalkemy
Afaf
Menazi
Adballah
Selim
Ahmed
Wahba
Yousry
El-Shazly
A total of 330 camels (Camelus dromedarius) of both sexes and with different ages, at different localities in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, were examined clinically from April 2013 to March 2015. Some adult camels showed emaciation, edema of legs and abdomen which were suspected to be infected by Trypanosoma species. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of trypanosomiasis using indirect ELISA test and the results showed that 174 (52.7%) were infected. The infection rate was higher in males (54.8%) than females (42.2%), also, in camels more than 2-years old and in summer and spring seasons. Thirty blood samples from the examined animals by ELISA test (15 positive and 15 negative) were subjected to PCR. The results revealed that 18 samples were positive for T. evansi by PCR. Two positive samples for RoTat1.2 VSG encoding gene were chosen for DNA sequence analysis, one of them was obtained from newly imported camel in a camel farm at Belbais city and the other one belonged to a camel from one of Belbais villages at Sharkia Governorate. Nucleotide sequence alignment of RoTat1.2 VSG gene variants from Egyptian T. evansi showed some heterogeneity with other T. evansi isolates from Egypt. In conclusion, PCR technique is more sensitive and specific than ELISA for the diagnosis of T. evansi infection in camels.
camels
Trypanosoma evansi
seroprevalence
ELISA
2016
12
01
187
195
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7871_4c387774cb2fe9244b58c60444423c75.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Effect of Insecticide "Chlorpyrifos" on Immune Response of Oreochromis niloticus
Zeinab
El-Bouhy
Gamal
El- Nobi
Rasha
Reda
Rowida
Ibrahim
This study was carried out to determine the level of Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus insecticide, in water of Abbassa and Sahl El-Hussinia fish farms and investigate the sub lethal concentration of this pesticide on immune response of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Water samples were collected from Abbassa and Sahl El-Hussinia fish farms and analyzed using Gas chromatograph (GC) for detection of Chlorpyrifos level. Two hundred and ninety O. niloticus with average body weight (35±0.5 g) were collected from Abbassa fish hatchery, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred and seventy of these fish were used for the determination of acute toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, while, another 120 fish were used for the determination of the effect of different sub lethal concentrations of Chlorpyrifos (1/8, 1/20 and 1/43 of 96 h LC50) on the immune response of O. niloticus. It was found that; the levels of Chlorpyrifos in Abbassa and Sahl El-Hussinia fish farms were 0.008 and 0.0016 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 value of Chlorpyrifos was 0.07mg/L. Sub-lethal concentration of Chlorpyrifos altered the non-specific immunological parameters (namely, total globulin, immunoglobulin M (IgM), lysozyme, nitric oxide, phagocytic activity) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) of O. niloticus. It could be concluded that water of Abbassa and Sahl El-Hussinia fish farms have had detectable residue levels of CPF, which was altered the immunological status of O. niloticus.
chlorpyrifos
Oreochromis niloticus
residues
Abbassa
Sahl El-Hussinia
2016
12
01
196
204
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7872_8007b2ad4f479c4afb684087557e5f84.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in a Cattle Farm at Sharkia Governorate with Special Reference to its Effect on T lymphocytes
Iman
Bastawecy
Nasser
Abouzeid
This study was applied on a cattle farm of Holstein cows at Sharkia Governorate for the isolation and identification of Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) and to examine its effect on T lymphocytes. The results of clinical examination revealed that there were respiratory disorders in 30 out of 150 (20%) of cattle including elevated body temperature (40 to 42°C), nasal and ocular discharges, some animals developed severe rhinitis, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, cough and diarrhea. Out of 30 nasal swabs, 15 swabs were positive for virus isolation as indicated by cytopothic effect (CPE) on MDBK cells. Only 11 of the 15 isolates were confirmed by virus neutralization test (VNT) as BoHV-1 isolates. In addition, only 3 out of 4 BoHV-1 isolates were detected by PCR. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBTL) were analyzed using electron microscopy and comet assay to examine the effect of BoHV-1 on lymphocytes. Electron micrographs of T lymphocytes revealed peripheral condensation of chromatin and fragmentation of the nucleus end of the cell leading to the formation of apoptoic bodies. Comet assay denoted fragmentation of cellular DNA. It could be concluded that BoHV-1 can infect T lymphocytes of cattle, causing directly and indirectly apoptosis which subsequently lead to suppression of cellmediated immunity, enhancing establishment of latency and increasing the probability for secondary bacterial infection.
BoHV-1
cattle
PCR
EM and Comet assay
2016
12
01
205
213
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7874_7098861cbd00de462223da844baac491.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Effect of Phytobiotics, Probiotics and Toltrazuril on Chicken Coccidiosis
Mona
Elkhouly
Mohamed
Khairy
Abd- El Alim
Abd- El Alim
Ali
Ali
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of phytobiotics (Orego-stim®) and their combinations with probiotics and chemical anticoccidial toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis in broilers and also to examine these effects on growth performance, some blood biochemical parameters and immunity indices in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty, one-day old Cobb chicks were used. They were divided into eight equal groups of 30 birds each. The 1st group was non-infested non-treated group. The other groups were inoculated intra-crop with 1x105 sporulated oocysts of field strain of Eimeria spp. on the 8th day of age. The 2nd group was infested non-treated group. The 3rd group was treated with phytobiotics (300 mg/Liter drinking water). The 4th group was treated with probiotic (1 g/ liter drinking water). The 5th group was treated with toltrazuril 2.5 % (7 mg/kg BW. in drinking water). The 6th group treated with phytobiotics plus probiotic. The 7th group treated with phytobiotics plus toltrazuril 2.5 % while, the last group was treated with probiotic beside toltrazuril 2.5 %. Birds received phytobiotics showed better anticoccidial effect, an increase of growth performance parameters (body weight, body weight gain and feed consumption) and decrease of feed conversion ratio. Moreover, an improvement in immunity indices with variable effects on some blood biochemical parameters were resulted. Phytobiotics can be considered a promising high effective anticoccidial, growth promoting and immunomodulating agents.
Phytobiotics
coccidiosis
performance
Broilers
2016
12
01
214
223
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7875_54614701e340b31778f1ea25f6db9741.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Bloody Milk in Buffalo Cows: Diagnosis and Trials for Treatment
ELsayed
Nour
Mohamed
Taha
Mohamed
Abdou
Mohamed
Abdelfattah
Elsayed
Mohamed
The present study was conducted on 80 composite milk samples collected from dairy buffaloes secreting bloody milk from all four quarters without any inflammatory signs on mammary gland, systemic reaction or decrease in milk yield at Sharkia Governorate. Somatic cell count (SCC) revealed that 46 samples (57.5%) have SCC range between 200,000 to 250,000 cell/mL, while, 34 samples (42.5%) have SCC below 200,000 cell/mL. California mastitis test (CMT) was negative for 65 out of 80 (81.3%) and positive in 15 out of 80 (18.7%). Bacteriological examination revealed that 56 out of 80 samples (70%) were bacteriologically positive and 24 (30%) were bacteriologically negative. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus were identified in 14 out of 56 (25%), however, 42 samples out of 56 (75%) were contaminated with coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS), 20 of them had SCC less than 200,000 X 103 . All Coagulase positive S. aureus were isolated from milk of SCC between 200 X 103 to 250 X 103 cell/mL. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that Gentamycin, Amoxycillin + Clavuylinic acid and Enrofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics on both S. aureus and CNS. Group 1, 2 and 3 (bacteriologically positive cases) were treated with Gentamycin, Amoxicillin + Clavulenic or Enrofloxacin in addition to coagulant (Amri-K) showed cure rate of 80%, 80% and 60%, respectively. Group 4 that contained animals with negative bacteriological culture were treated by coagulant (Amri-K) only, showed cure rate of 60%. However, the return rate of the disease was 0, 20, 40 and 40%, respectively. Biochemical and hematological parameters showed nonsignificant differences between bloody milk and healthy control dairy buffaloes. This study concluded that either coagulase positive or coagulase negative S. aureus is incriminated with the bloody milk syndrome in dairy buffaloes in Egypt, however, Gentamycin in addition to coagulant (Amri-k) is the best treatment.
Bloody Milk
Buffalo cows
SCC
S. aureus
Amri-K
2016
12
01
224
233
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7876_90a81fdb84fbb54943025dd0ed351312.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Sunflower Meal on Performance, Carcass Traits, Litter Moisture and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens
Ghadeer
Attia
Elsayed
Hassanein
Wafaa
El-Eraky
Mahmoud
El-Gamal
An experiment was designed to investigate the influence of different levels of dietary inclusion of sunflower meal on broiler’s productive performance, serum lipid profile, carcass traits, litter moisture and economic efficiency. One hundred and twenty, day-old Cobb broiler chicks were assigned randomly into 5 equal groups, each contained 24 chicks in three replicate pens (8 chicks/pen). Group 1 was fed on basal diet without sunflower meal and kept as a control group, while groups from 2 to 5 were fed on diets contained 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% sunflower meal, respectively. Birds individual weights and pen feed consumed were determined for each feeding period for determining the average body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). At the trial end, a total of six birds from each group were picked randomly, slaughtered and the visceral organs (liver, gizzard, heart and spleen) plus fat pad were separately weighed for calculating the dressing percentage and the percentage of internal organs relative to carcass weight. Furthermore, litter moisture percentage and economic efficiency were calculated at the trial end. The averages of BW, ADG, ADFI and FCR were not significantly differed among groups. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in the serum lipid parameters and carcass traits among experimental groups. However, the spleen percentage was significantly higher in broilers group that fed on 10% sunflower meal in comparison to those fed on 2.5, 5 and 7.5 sunflower meal, while the litter moisture percentage was not significantly affected. The best economic efficiency was reported in broilers group fed on 10% sunflower meal but the difference did not reach the significance level. It is concluded that levels up to 10% of sunflower meal can be successfully incorporated in broiler chicken diets.
Sunflower meal
performance
Lipid
carcass
Litter
Broilers
2016
12
01
234
243
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7877_bdac35d6490d34bf239db561e5e93db3.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Ameliorative Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract on Male Fertility in Paroxetine Treated Rats
Sawsan
El-Sheikh
Mohammed
Khairy
Hosny
Abdel Fadil
Azza
Abo-Elmaaty
Paroxetine is one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for treating major depressive disorders but it has many side effects. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the possible protective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on the fertility of male rats treated with paroxetine. A total of forty adult male albino rats were equally allocated into four groups, each of 10 rats: Rats received 0.5 mL distilled water, 400 mg/kg BW of moringa hydroalcoholic extract, 10 mg/ kg BW of paroxetine, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. While, rats of group 4 received moringa hydroalcoholic extract and paroxetine simultaneously at the same previously mentioned doses. All treatments were administered orally once daily for 60 successive days. Paroxetine treated group showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estrogen and testicular catalase, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), sperm count and sperm motility. Moreover, paroxetine evoked a significant increase in sperm abnormalities, testicular DNA fragments and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with the control group. However, the concurrent administration of moringa extract with paroxetine was ameliorating the aforementioned alterations compared with paroxetine treated group. It could be concluded that, Moringa oleifera extract alleviated reprotoxicity induced by paroxetine in male rats.
Moringa oleifera
male fertility
Paroxetine
Oxidative Stress
2016
12
01
244
250
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7878_b8f918cc717ae1d041f90466f2033999.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Pathological Studies on Infectious Bronchitis Disease in Chickens
Moustafa
Abou El-Fetouh
Mohamed
Mohamed
Nahla
Refat
Mohamed
Ahmed
Abd Elfattah
El-Zanaty
Infectious bronchitis virus has been recognized as highly contagious disease in chickens. In this study, 138 birds from 10 broiler chicken flocks that suffered from respiratory disease were examined to study the pathological lesions associated with IBV infection in naturally infected flocks. Moreover, the infection was confirmed via virus isolation and PCR. Samples were harvested from both Sharkia and Gharbia provinces during one year (October 2014-2015). The clinical examination of the investigated birds showed nasal discharges, gasping and rales. Congested trachea with lumen contained mucus and caseated material at the biforcation of the two main bronchi were characteristic in most of the necropsied birds. The kidneys were enlarged and dark red or pale with the presence of whitish precipitate in the ureters. Four isolates recovered from four different broilers chicken’s flocks were further analyzed by S1 glycoprotein gene sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acids sequences of the four strains revealed that they were closely related to the IBV Egyptian variant 2 and IS/1494/2006 strains. The histopathological examination of the kidneys showed focal aggregation of lymphocytes in the renal cortex and the medulla. The liver showed multiple focal areas of necrosis which replaced by lymphocyte and heterophils aggregation. The spleen showed thickened capsule with subcapsular hemorrhage and mild to severe focal depletion of lymphocytes. Trachea, lungs, proventriculus, intestine and bursa showed hyperplasia and degenerative changes in their epithelium. Blood vessels showed endotheliosis with perivascular edema and leukocyte infiltration in various organs. Edema was also seen in heart, trachea and lungs. Finally, it could be concluded that infectious bronchitis virus is a major cause and strongly implicated in respiratory and/or renal problems of the Egyptian broiler chicken flocks. Moreover, Egyptian variant 2 still evolving and causing severe damage to renal tissue and various organs.
Infectious bronchitis virus
Variant
broiler
RT-PCR
Pathology
2016
12
01
248
259
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7879_8e3479f51a3cac82b4e7db3d174e706e.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Effect of Heat Treatments on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation in Meat
Elsaid
Eldaly
Abd-Elsalam
Hafez
Wageh
Darwish
Rania
Abd El-Hamid
Doaa
Elmalt
A total of 80 samples of both beef and mutton (40, each), which were either raw or cooked by different cooking methods such as pan-frying, charcoal-grilling and charcoal-grilling with aluminum foils covers (n=10 for each of beef and mutton) besides 10 samples from raw meat of each type. The samples were collected from different restaurants at Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The samples were prepared for detection of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo [a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo [b] fluoranthrene, benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, Indeno [1,2,3c-d] pyrene, Dibenzo [a,h] anthracene and Benzo [g,h,i] perylene). The recorded results showed that the total PAHs for raw, fried, charcoal grilled and foil grilled beef samples were 0.247, 1.152, 6.833 and 1.265 μg/kg respectively. Meanwhile, PAHs residual concentrations in mutton samples were 1.09, 4.606, 26.819 and 6.279 μg/kg in raw, pan-fried, charcoal-grilled and foil-grilled mutton samples respectively. We found also when meat wrapped in aluminum foil during grilling, it leads to a decrease in the total PAHs in the meat samples
PAHs
Pan-frying
Charcoal-grilling
Foil-grilled
Aluminum foil
2016
12
01
263
272
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7880_dffaaec626e2bc2880d8c2f442a90a22.pdf
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
1110-1458
1110-1458
2016
44
3
Evaluation of Some Immunostimulants on the Immune-response of Broiler Chickens Against Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases Vaccination
Mohamed
Abdel-Hafez
Moemen
Mohamed
Immunostimulants get an increasing importance to enhance the immune system and allowing maximum performance in poultry production. The effects of using different immunostimulants on the immune response of broiler chickens to Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian influenza (AI) vaccination were investigated in this study. 100 day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups, 25 birds for each group. Group A was not treated with any immunostimulants and used as a control, while groups B, C and D were supplemented with Imutrix® (oregano oils plus β-glucan), Evit liquid® (Vitamin E plus selenium) and inmunair®17.5 (Propionibacterium acnes and E. coli lipopolysaccharides), respectively. Statistical analysis results demonstrated significant divergence (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio among the applicable treatments. Birds of group B had the heaviest body weight (2.03 kg), followed by group C (1.87 Kg) and D (1.82 Kg) in comparison to the birds of group A (control, 1.79 Kg). Bursa of Fabricius weight showed non-significant differences among groups except in group B that showed an increase in the Bursa of Fabricius weight more than other groups especially the control group (1.15 g more). Comparable immune response was recorded for both AI and ND vaccination. The highest mean antibody titers were recorded for birds in group B at 14, 28 and 35 days old, while those in group D had the lowest antibody titre values. Thus, supplementing immunostimulants especially Imutrix® and Evit liquid® had a significant positive effect on performance characteristics and immune response against AI and ND vaccination in broiler chickens in contrast to non-treated group, which had low levels of immune response, rapid decreasing and no persistence for keeping high HI titer for long time.
immunostimulants
Immune Response
Broiler chickens
Avian influenza
Newcastle
Vaccination
2016
12
01
273
281
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_7881_42f220a5bc1b444949df406494d8ced9.pdf