ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence and Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep and Goats
From September 2016 to August 2017, four hundred and twenty four milk samples were collected from mammary halves of 212 apparently healthy lactating animals (108 ewes and 104 does) from small private flocks in different localities at Sharkia Governorate. All samples were investigated by California mastitis test (CMT) and bacteriological examination to determine prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in sheep and goats and to estimate the mean somatic cell count (SCC) of infected milk samples with different pathogens. The prevalence rates of SCM using CMT were 44 (40.7%) in ewes [59 milk samples, (27.3%)] and 50 (48.1%) in does [62 milk samples, (29.8%)]. Furthermore, out of ewes’ and does’ milk samples examined by bacteriological culture 54 (25.0%) and 56 (26.9%) samples were bacteriologically positive, respectively. The isolated bacterial causing SCM in ewes’ milk samples were E. coli (44.4%), S. aureus (38.9%), Streptococcus spp. (27.8%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (26.0%), Citrobacter spp. (3.7%) and Enterobacter spp. (1.9%). The identified isolates from does’ milk samples were S. aureus (46.4%), E. coli (26.8%), Streptococcus spp. (25.0%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (19.6%), Citrobacter spp. (5.4%) and Enterobacter spp. (3.6%). The geometric mean of SCC of milk samples harbored major pathogens was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those harbored minor pathogens. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied on a total of 26 isolates from the most recovered species associated with mastitic milk samples of ewes and does. Suspected S. aureus, E. coli, Strep. agalactiae, Strep. dysagalactiae, and Strep. uberis isolates showed characteristic bands at 270 bp, 366 bp, 487 bp, 279 bp, and 723 bp which were specific for the used genes, respectively. In conclusion: a great attention should be directed to the early diagnosis of SCM in ewes and does.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14381_f0dfa9c6d1ae94b9a42e6bdf169e3308.pdf
2018-06-01
96
104
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14381
Ewes
does
mastitis
Somatic cell count
Bacteriology
PCR
El-Shymaa
Abdallah
alshymaaamer123@gmail.com
1
Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Eissa
2
Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Afaf
Menaze
3
Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes
The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port- Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype ‘O’ which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded thatFMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14382_b92add6b154130f9d5c48135b98c56d4.pdf
2018-06-01
105
116
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14382
FMDV
RT-PCR
cTnI
CK-MB
IL-10
Mohamed
Hashem
mhashem.vet@gmail.com
1
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Shefaa
El-Mandrawy
shifo_vet@yahoo.com
2
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Iman
El- Araby
3
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Alaa
El- Sayed
4
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Human Umblical Cord Blood Stem Cells on a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14383_83655fc6dc36f7baa33971445a818217.pdf
2018-06-01
117
127
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14383
Somia
Abd-Allah
1
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
El-Sayed
Abdel-Aziz
2
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sabry
Ali
3
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Gamal El-Din
Shams
4
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hesham
Mohammed
5
Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Esraa
Fahmy
esraa_hassan12339@yahoo.com
6
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enterococcus faecalis Cell-Free Supernatant Inhibits Hyphal Morphogenesis and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans
Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans are two of the most significant opportunistic and intricate nosocomial pathogens. They reside overlapping niches as major constituents of the gastrointestinal (GI) and oral microbiome. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between these two opportunistic pathogens that could affect treatment strategies and influence the interkingdom signaling and sensing in the microbiome conceptions. E. faecalis was isolated from 150 samples collected from human urine, cattle raw milk, milk products and chicken intestine and identified by both the routine microbiological and molecular identification methods based on 16S rRNA gene. Isolates susceptibility to nine antimicrobials was analyzed using the disk-diffusion method and E. faecalis isolates showed multidrug resistance. Most of C. albicans isolates were able to form biofilm with different intensities. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of E. faecalis was purified and tested against C. albicans and/or biofilm formation.It inhibited the growth of C. albicans and their filamentation with regards to biofilm formation in vitro. The data presented here demonstrated the potential antifungal activity of E. faecalis CFS and could explain the biological interaction between these two microbes in one hand and the possibility of using E. faecalis CFS as a biological product to control yeast infection in the other hand.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14385_d42556565dfd77b4e8c3cadcaae26daa.pdf
2018-06-01
128
135
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14385
C. albicans
E. faecalis
16S rRNA
Biofilm
Anti-Candida factor
Mohamed
Hassan
1
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yasmine
Tartor
yasminehtartor@zu.edu.eg
2
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ashour
Ashour
3
Public Health Department, Dakahlia Veterinary Medicine Directorate, El Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
Elmowalid
Elmowalid
4
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Efficiency of Kisspeptin and GnRH as Stimulators of Gonadotrophins and Testosterone in Prepubertal Male Cattle
Our study aimed to compare between the efficiency of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) as a trigger stimulator for gonadotropins; luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) in male calves. Four prepubertal male Japanese Black calves were used. The animals were given GnRH or Kp10 separately. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and T concentrations were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gonadotropins were significantly increased in response to injections of GnRH and Kp10. However, the response of gonadotropins-release was significantly greater to GnRH than to Kp10 (P<0.05) throughout the 180-min period. Plasma T concentrations increased significantly following injection of Kp10 or GnRH (P<0.05) in comparison with the pre-injection levels (0.75 - 0.47 ng/ml) but no significant difference was observed in T-releasing in response to GnRH and Kp10 throughout the 180-min period. Histopathologically, the testicular tissue had seminiferous cords, essentially without lumina, rather than seminiferous tubules. The basal lamina was very thick and surrounded the immature ill-developed Sertoli as well as spermatogonia cells. Neither spermatid cells nor sperms were seen (no spermatogenesis) with abundant interstitial tissue. No differences in structure of testes in Kp10 or GnRH-injected claves and those of control. Conclusively, GnRH and kisspeptin stimulated equally the secretion of T in prepubertal bulls but did not affect process of spermatogenesis.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14386_b285d45d1711f46e3d918f6e28d79618.pdf
2018-06-01
136
145
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14386
Kisspeptin
GnRH
LH
FSH
testosterone
Ahmed
Ahmed
ahmed.ezzat@vet.svu.edu.eg
1
Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohie
Haridy
2
Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ayman
Kassab
3
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, New valley 51714, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hassan
Ahmed
4
Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
AUTHOR
Waleed
Senosy
5
Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, New valley 51714, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hirata
Toh-Ichi
6
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
AUTHOR
Hashizume
Tsutomu
7
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling of Biological Data Based on Regression Methods
The ordinary least square estimates of multiple regression parameters is characterized by low bias and large variance leading to poor performance in both prediction and interpretation of the regression model under study. Penalized regression techniques represented in ridge, lasso and elastic net were used to improve the ordinary least square estimates performance. Categorical regression algorithm provides efficient procedure for computing the regression coefficients of ridge, lasso, and elastic Net models. The statistical analysis was done on ten single nucleotide polymorphisms simulated data with strong linkage disequilibrium as predictors of a continuous phenotypic trait. The coefficients were 39%, 34%, 29% and 28% for ridge, elastic net, lasso and stepwise multiple regression methods, respectively. The current study finished that ridge regression followed by elastic net regression performed better than the other regression methods.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14387_0f8d6ce141f0cc20114dfdef8774e61f.pdf
2018-06-01
146
153
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14387
Ridge
Lasso
Penalization
regression
Elastic net
Khairy
El-Bayomi
1
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Elhoussainy
Rady
2
Applied Statistics and Econometrics Department, Institute of Statistical Studies and Research, Cairo University
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
El-Tarabany
3
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hala
Mahmoud
drhalastat@gmail.com
4
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Aeromonas Species Isolated from Raw and Ready- to- Eat fish Marketed in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of pathogenic Aeromonas spp in Tilapia fish consumed in Sharkia province, Egypt. Some virulence genes play a role in their pathogenicity (aerolysin- aer and hemolysin - hly) were also determined. A total of 140 samples (raw and ready to eat fish RTE including grilled and fried fish) were collected from markets and fish shops with different sanitation levels. All samples were subjected to microbiological examinationfor isolation of Aeromonas spp. The results showed that Aeromonas spp were isolated in higher percentage (44.3%) in raw fish than those in RTE (15.7%). Additionally, molecular characterization of 20 Aeromonas isolates revealed that 75 and 55% of isolates were positive for the aerolysin and hemolysin genes, respectively. A. hydrophila had higher percentage of both genes than A. caviae isolates. This study highlighted a major threat to public health due to presence of A. hydrophila with virulence genes in both raw and RTE fish. Consequently, it should be ensured fish food safety and safeguard health.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14388_b33d667702876c2ff52a2704cddec1d1.pdf
2018-06-01
154
159
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14388
Aeromonas spp
fish
Hemolysin
Aerolysine
public health
Amira
Attia
amy_talat20002@yahoo.com
1
Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mariam
Khedr
2
Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Zaki
3
Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Effect of Cinnamon Extract in High Fat Diet Fed Rats
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of cinnamon extract (CE) in rats fed on high fat diet (HFD). Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group, HFD group, HFD group treated by cinnamon and the last group was treated with cinnamon extract. In HFD group, rats were fed on HFD for two months. In HFD group treated by cinnamon, rats fed on HFD for two months then CE was orally administered for a period of 4 weeks at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. In CE treated group, rats were fed on standard diet for two months then orally administered CE for a period of 4 weeks at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The obtained results indicated that the oral administration of cinnamon extract has antihyperlipidemic effect that improving the lipid profile. There were reductions in the levels of serum triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C (P≤ 0.01) and total cholesterol (P<0.05) with an increase of the HDL-C serum level (P≤ 0.01) in HFD fed rats treated by CE. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P≤ 0.01), elevation of serum insulin level (P≤ 0.01) and reduction in liver enzyme ALT and AST activities (P≤ 0.01) with oral administration of CE. In addition, CE can promote glucose transporter isotype-4 (GLUT4) gene expression in adipose tissue of HFD fed rats. From the current study, it was concluded that oral administration of cinnamon extract has both hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in hyperlipidemic rats.
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_14389_68ada263f636dfdf843ac93a02fe0a3d.pdf
2018-06-01
160
167
10.21608/zvjz.2018.14389
Cinnamon extract
High fat diet
Lipid profile
Insulin
GLUT4
Haiam
Mohammed
dr.haiam@yahoo.com
1
Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511
LEAD_AUTHOR
Doaa
Abdel Fattah
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511
AUTHOR