The Clinicopathological Effects of the Double Immunization with Formalized Killed Vaccine against Pasteurella multocida Challenge in Rabbits
Mohamed
Farag
clinical pathology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university, Zagazig, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Hashem
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University
author
Essam
Mahmoud
clinical pathology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, zagazig university, Zagazig, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
The disease caused by Pasteurella multocida is an extremely common and difficult issue of rabbits utilized for biomedical research. The vaccination techniques are dependably the most powerful preventive measures. In the present study, 30 New Zealand rabbits (1.5 kg average body weight and 6–8 weeks old) were divided into 3 groups, control group (I), challenged non-vaccinated group (II), and challenged double vaccinated group (III). 1st dose was administered at the 1st day followed by similar booster dose after 21 days. At the end of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the ear vein for hematological, plasma, and serum examination. At the end of the 6th week, the rabbits were anaesthetized and sacrificed to collect the tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs and heart for histopathological study. The results showed that double immunization with killed vaccine of P. multocida increased the immune response of the animals and the leukocyte phagocytic activity against P. multocidaand also improved the clinicopathological and histopathological findings. Taken together, our findings proved that double immunization with killed vaccine of P. multocida increased the phagocytic activity of the immune cells and the immune status of animals against infection.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
120
133
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37770_01c87a0e51321d81e5e0b35779db761a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.4212.1001
The Hypoglycemic Effects of Ginger and Garlic Administration on Induced Diabetic Rats
Mohamed
Dowidar
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
Hamad
El-Saadawy
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
mennatallah
gobran
Poultry Department, Qalubia Veterinary Medicine Directorate, Benha, Egypt
author
Haytham
Gad
Biochemistry Department, Facultyof Science, Jeddah University, 23443, Saudi Arabia Kingdom/Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
This work was designed to investigate the possible hypoglycemic effects of ginger (Zingiber officinal) and garlic (Allium sativum) administration on type 2 diabetesinduced in rats. Seventy male adult albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups of ten animals: Normal Control (Cnt), Diabetic Control (CntD), Ginger Low (GNL), Ginger High (GNH), Garlic Low (GRL), Garlic High (GRH) and a combination group (GNH+GRH). Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg of body weight) in all groups except the Cnt group. Rats were treated with ginger and garlic powders in different doses for 2 months. At the end of experiment, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)concentrations, low density lipoprotein (LDL), liver glycogen and glucagon levels were estimated.Expression of Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Glucokinase genes in liver samples from each group were normalized with housekeeping gene (ß-actin) using reverse transcriptase real time Polymerase chain reaction. Serum insulin and HDL concentrations were significantly (P< 0.05) higherbutbody weight, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDLand HbA1clevels were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the Cnt, GNH, GRH and GNH+GRHgroups compared to the CntD, GNL and GRL groups. Liver glycogen level was significantly (P< 0.05) higher and serum glucagon level was significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the combination group only but non significant difference was observed for the other groups. The expression of liver Glucose-6-Phosphatase gene was significantly (P< 0.05) downregulated but the Glucokinase gene was significantly (P< 0.05) upregulated in STZ diabetic rats treated withhigh doses of ginger and garlic powders. This study suggests that ginger and garlic powders can be used to ameliorate type 2 diabetes and might also help in preventing secondary diabetic complications.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
134
145
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37966_39ec88fcb6d0aa926ec7c1977682e03f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.9557.1023
Rapid and Precise Diagnostic Tests for S. equi: An Etiologic Agent of Equine Strangles
Yasmine
Tartor
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Nesreen
Gharieb
Department of Animal Management and Treatment, Kafr Sakr Veterinary Administration, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Wessam
Ali
Department of Animal Management and Treatment, Dearb Negm Veterinary Administration, Sharkia, Egypt
author
El-Sayed
EL-Naenaeey
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Ahmed
Ammar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Strangles is a highly infectious, worldwide, costly disease, affects the upper respiratory system of equine and is caused by Streptococcus equi. Early diagnosis ought to be performed for infected and carrier horses by rapid and accurate diagnostic methods. Bacteriological culture, Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of S. equi M-protein (SeM) were the common methods for detection and differentiation of different subtypes of S. equi. In forty percent of suspected strangles cases, bacteriological culture may fail to detect S. equi. Recently, the development of direct sample PCR for estimation of S. equi in samples provides an alternative and potentially more sensitive method for diagnosis of equine strangles. This review article highlights the different methods of diagnosis, the role of chronic carrier in transmission of infection to susceptible animals and the different methods for identification and discrimination of β-haemolytic streptococci in respiratory samples of horses.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
146
159
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37775_40512baa004172fd7c6c771d529a0076.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.9896.1024
Polymorphisms of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF 9)and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) Genes in Barki and Rahmani Sheep Breeds
Iman
ElAraby
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
author
Sara
Magdy
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
author
Ashraf
Awad
Animal Wealth Development department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University,4451 Zagazig, Egypt
author
Ayman
Saleh
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Blood samples from 100 ewes (Barki and Rhmani breeds, 50 each) were collected from a private farm at Giza Governorate for determination of polymorphisms of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes in the two breeds using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing.Restriction analysis of 712 bp < em>GDF9 gene (amplicon of exon I) using HhaI enzyme revealed 120, 254 and 338 fragments without any differences between the two breeds being tested. GDF9 gene exon II amplicon(713 bp) showed similar pattern of restriction in the two tested breeds with 4 bands (54, 62, 137 and 460bp) using HinfI enzyme. The restriction enzymes, HinfI, SpeI and XbaI, failed to digest the amplicons of exons I and II(500 bp, each) of BMP15 gene in all tested animals of both breeds suggesting absence of polymorphism. This study concluded that there was no polymorphism in the four exons between Barki and Rahmani sheep and the two breeds have the wild genotype with absence of any mutation.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
160
167
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37968_60abc92281743bece5542185484a6044.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.10071.1025
Molecular Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Respiratory Troubles in Chickens in Egypt
Ashraf
Hussein
Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Amal
Eid
Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
madeeha
Ibrahim
Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Lebdah
Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Colibacillosis is a complicated disease causing severe economic losses and challenging veterinarians and producers. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains causing respiratory troubles in chickens. Thirty broiler chicken flocks (2013-2016 outbreaks) at age of 17-35 days from Sharkia, Ismailia, Dakahlia and Sinai showed respiratory troubles and greenish diarrhea. The postmortem findings revealed typical colisepticemia picture including air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis. The percentage of APEC isolation was 100 % while 10 flocks suffered mixed infections. From 284 collected samples (air sacs, heart blood, lungs and liver), E. coli isolation was mostly from air sacs (76.1 %) and lung (73.2 %) followed by heart blood (67.6%) and liver (54.9%). Based on serogrouping, the most common serogroups were O78 and O2 with percentage of 15% each. Based on antimicrobial disc diffusion test, the lowest (32.7 %) and highest resistance (100 %) were to doxycycline versus lincomycin, spiramycin, oxacillin and amoxicillin. PCR analysis for 55 MDR E. coli isolates revealed 3 antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM (87.3 %), blaCTX-M (85.5 %) and blaOXA (5.5 %)) and 6 virulence genes in two multiplex PCR (iucD (96 %), Fim H (92.7 %), iss (76.4 %), ompT (58.2 %), tsh (45.5 %) and cvaC (9 %). An association between virulence and multidrug resistance genes in E. coli was concluded, that hindered the control strategy. Therefore, alternative strategies were necessary to minimize the antibiotic use and reduce the virulent strains occurrence.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
168
182
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37969_092c32f7a7525386973584d34f80cee8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.10214.1026
Characterization of Paratyphoid Salmonellae Isolated from Broiler Chickens at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Ahmed
Al-baqir
Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Ashraf
Hussein
Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Ibrahim
Ghanem
Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Megahed
Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Paratyphoid Salmonella has emerged as a global problem for humans and poultry.Therefore, in this study we investigated the occurrence, serological, antimicrobial and molecular characteristics of paratyphoid Salmonella isolated from chicken flocks at Sharkia Governorate during 2015-2016. The prevalence of paratyphoid Salmonella among the 150 suspected flocks was 32.6 % (49/150), the highest rate (41/49; 80%) was among young ages (1-10 days old) and the lowest rate (8/49; 16 %) among older ages (11- 21 days old). The highest recovery was from liver (30.66 %), followed by spleen (25.33 %), caecum (20 %) and yolk sac (15.7 %). Serotyping of 49 Salmonella isolates revealed 11 different serogroups, with Salmonella Typhimurium was the most prevalent one (24.49 %), followed by Salmonella Kentucky (18.36 %) and Salmonella Enteritidis (14.28 %). The most sensitive antibiotics were apramycin (82 %) and ciprofloxacin (65 %). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was significant to ampicillin, gentamycin and cefotriaxone in all Salmonella isolates. All phenotypically identified MDR Salmonella were found to possess invA, hilA, pefA (100%) and avrA (95 %) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirming that these virulence genes are important virulence markers for rapid diagnosis of Salmonella infection.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
183
192
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37970_f3c6dbe812b4e46eaaa2d6ef370ac57c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.10544.1028
Risk Assessment of some Heavy Metals from Claris gariepinus (African catfish) Consumed in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Eman
Elawady
Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Egypt
author
Rasha
El Bayomi
Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Egypt
author
Wageh
Darwish
Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Egypt
author
Adel
El-Atabany
Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
This study was conducted to determine the residual concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As) in Claris gariepinus from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to assess such metals dietary intake, and to evaluate the possible health risks linked with the fish consumption. Therefore, ninety Claris gariepinus samples, 30 of each, from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The obtained results showed that, the mean residual concentrations in Clarias gariepinusfrom Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were 0.08±0.02, 0.19±0.02 and 0.4±0.06 ppm for Cd, respectively. While, the results of Pb were 0.45±0.07, 0.42±0.04 and 0.51±0.08 ppm, respectively; 0.59±0.15, 1.02±0.08 and 0.15±0.03 ppm for Hg, and 0.74±0.06, 0.69±0.04 and 0.64±0.08 ppm for As. The estimated metals' concentration exceeded the recommended safety limits outlined by Egyptian standards (ES No 7136/2010) for most samples. The total estimated daily intakes (EDI) of Cd, Pb, Hg and As were 1, 3.57, 0.57and 2.14 μg/kg BW/day, respectively, that were less than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) suggested by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Referring to the potential health risks of inspected Claris gariepinus, it was valued that the target hazard quotient (THQ) of As of all Claris gariepinus samples from Abou Hammad, Zagazig and Faqous fish markets were 1.34, 1.25, 1.16, respectively. These results were more than 1, representing possible health risks, while THQs of other metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) from Claris gariepinus consumption from all examined areas were lower than 1 as compared to the reference doses. The obtained results give us an alert that the consumer could be under health hazards so that further investigation of Claris gariepinus is recommended at Sharkia Governorate.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
193
202
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37980_8e32fc8cc589f98c4f7826c71620ead8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.10727.1031
Application of Different Biostatistical Methods in Biological Data Analysis
Khairy
El-Bayomi
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
Fatma
Mohamed
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
Mahmoud
Eltarabany
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
Hagar
Gouda
Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
Logistic regression is one of the popular methods used in genetic data analysis. That is applied to predict a categorical binary dependent variable on basis of predictor variables, and to test the probability of getting a particular value of the dependent variable that is related to the explanatory variable. The objective of this study is to highlight the crucial role of biostatistical methods in increasing the accuracy of the results in veterinary and biological practices. Statistical analysis of previously published data in the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Cairo, Egypt was done using SPSS version, 24 to predict hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by knowing the genotypes, age, and gender of the patients. The genotypes and gender displayed a significant effect on metastasis (P < 0.05) while age had no significant effect on metastasis (P > 0.05). There are other types of data (animal breeding and production) which were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). The repeated measures ANOVA is equivalent to normalized ANOVA, but for related, not independent groups. Data of this test was obtained from a study aimed to measure body weight of three breeds of rabbits at 4 time points 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th weeks of the experiment. The main effect of breed types of rabbits was significant (P < 0.05), the time (weeks) was highly significant (P < 0.001) and their interaction was also highly significant (P < 0.001). Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce a large set of variables to a small set that still contains most of the information in the large set. A reduced set is easier to analyze and interpret. Data with 6 variables reduced to only 2 variables where initial eigenvalues were > 1 for two variables and their values were (2.768 and 1.147).
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
203
212
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37982_4a7c59e3d1d472ca28e15b06903eb38d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.11121.1034
Detection of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A Residues in Meat Products with Amelioration by Probiotics
Mohamed
Karmi
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University,
81528 Aswan, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
A total of 125 samples of basterma, burger, luncheon, minced meat and kofta (25 / each) were collected from meat markets in Aswan to study the presence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A using competitive direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) technique. Moreover, the role of probiotics in residues' detoxification was carried out. The detection rates of aflatoxins versus ochratoxin A residues in the examined basterma, luncheon and minced meat samples were (80% Vs 92%), (92% Vs 80%) and (76% Vs 72%) respectively. The detection rate for both toxins was the same in burger (96%) and kofta (88%) samples. It was found that Lactobacillus acidophilus could reduce the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in experimentally spiked burger to 0.12 µg/Kg (97.2%), 0.57 µg/Kg (61%), respectively, while Saccharomyces serevisae could reduce the aflatoxins in spiked burger to 0.17 µg/Kg (96%) and ochratoxin A to 0.43 µg/Kg (71.1%). It could be concluded that meat products represent a potential source of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A for consumers and probiotics significantly decrease the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in meat products. Monitoring of meat products for mycotoxins and use of preventive compounds should be practiced.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
213
221
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37983_b5d430aeb77c3a677f710cefd2b8dccf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.11633.1035
Effect of Experimental Clostridium perfringens Infection on Some Immunological, Hematological and Biochemical Values in Broiler Chickens
Marwa
Khodary
Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, 44516, Egypt
author
Nasr
Nasr el-Deen
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44511
author
Ibtisam
Gamal el-Deen
Department of Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig, 44516, Egypt
author
text
article
2019
eng
This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of Cl. perfringens infection on broiler chickens and compares between the effect of amoxicillin and / or organic acids on Cl. perfringens infection through the evaluation of hemogram, blood chemistry, hepato-renal functions and immune response through ELISA technique. One hundred one-day old chicks were divided into five equal groups. Group (1): negative control, Group (2): Clostridium perfringens type A (1.9×109 organism/ml) infected broilers, Group (3): infected chickens treated with amoxicillin (15 mg/kg. wt.) for 5 successive days, Group (4): chickens administered organic acids (1 mL /L water) then infected and Group (5): chickens infected and treated with both amoxicillin and organic acids. Cl. perfringens infection resulted in decreased appetite, ruffled feathers and brownish diarrhea with sudden death in some cases with a mortality rate up to 25%. Birds infected and treated with amoxicillin showed mild clinical signs with 15% mortalities. Majority of chickens supplemented with organic acids followed by Cl. perfringens infection or with organic acids and amoxicillin showed depression with a mild diarrhea and 10% mortality rate. Chickens infected with Cl. perfringens had macrocytic hypochrmic anemia, leukocytosis, heterophilia and monocytosis. In addition to, a significant decrease of total protein, albumin, phagocytic % and phagocytic index with a significant increase of total golbulins, liver enzymes activities, serum uric acid, creatinine and glucose levels. Treatment of Cl. perfringens infection with amoxicillin, organic acids alone or in combination resulted in a positive effect in treatment, ameliorating the severity of infection and a significant improvement in some immunological and biochemical parameters, the best results were observed with combination.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal
Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
1110-1458
47
v.
2
no.
2019
222
233
https://zvjz.journals.ekb.eg/article_37984_fef2d9f10a1049852934a0ac3ef93efb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.12216.1036